📖 Glossary

Every Sanskrit / Jyotish term PVR defines.

Merged across PVR's 100-class v1 series and 99-class v2 series. Shards grouped by series, then by batch (10 classes each).

📋 Table of Contents

• v1 Series
  • v1 Batch 1 — Classes 01–10
  • v1 Batch 2 — Classes 11–20
  • v1 Batch 3 — Classes 21–30
  • v1 Batch 4 — Classes 31–40
  • v1 Batch 5 — Classes 41–50
  • v1 Batch 6 — Classes 51–60
  • v1 Batch 7 — Classes 61–70
  • v1 Batch 8 — Classes 71–80
  • v1 Batch 9 — Classes 81–90
  • v1 Batch 10 — Classes 91–100
• v2 Series
  • v2 Batch 1 — Classes 01–10
  • v2 Batch 2 — Classes 11–20
  • v2 Batch 3 — Classes 21–30
  • v2 Batch 4 — Classes 31–40
  • v2 Batch 5 — Classes 41–50
  • v2 Batch 6 — Classes 51–60
  • v2 Batch 7 — Classes 61–70
  • v2 Batch 8 — Classes 71–80
  • v2 Batch 9 — Classes 81–90
  • v2 Batch 10 — Classes 91–100

📘 v1 Series — 100 classes

v1 Batch 1 — Classes 01–10

Sanskrit/Jyotish Glossary — Batch 1 (v1–v10)

class-01

• Lagna: Ascendant; the rising sign at birth; 1st house; seed of Dharma; represents the self
• Rashi: Sign of the zodiac; also the natal/Rashi chart (D1)
• Bhava: House (1–12)
• Graha: Planet; literally "that which seizes/grabs"
• Kendra: Angular houses (1, 4, 7, 10); called Vishnu Sthanas (effort/stability)
• Trikona: Trine houses (1, 5, 9); called Lakshmi Sthanas (blessings/fortune)
• Dharma Trikona: Houses 1, 5, 9 — Dharma (duty/righteousness) axis
• Artha Trikona: Houses 2, 6, 10 — Artha (purpose/resources/karma) axis
• Kama Trikona: Houses 3, 7, 11 — Kama (desire/motivation) axis
• Moksha Trikona: Houses 4, 8, 12 — Moksha (liberation/dissolution) axis
• Purusharthas: Four goals of life — Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha

class-02

• Dusthana: Difficult houses — 6, 8, 12; houses of obstacles, change, dissolution
• Upachaya: Growing houses — 3, 6, 10, 11; malefics do well here
• Yoga Karaka: Single planet owning both a kendra and a trikona for that lagna
• Mahapurusha Yoga: Great-person yoga; strong planet in kendra in own/exalted sign
• Papagraha: Malefic planet (Sun, Mars, Saturn, Rahu, Ketu, waning Moon)
• Subhgraha: Benefic planet (Jupiter, Venus, Mercury, waxing Moon)
• Moolathrikona: Mid-part of a planet's own sign; stronger than just own sign
• Vakra: Retrograde; vakri graha = retrograde planet

class-03

• Argala: Intervention; a planet causing a conclusive, must-happen influence on a reference point
  • Argala positions: 2nd, 4th, 11th from reference
  • Virodha Argala: Obstruction; 12th, 10th, 3rd from reference
  • Secondary Argala: Malefic in 3rd (since 3rd is normally Virodha position)
• Virodha: Obstruction; Virodha Argala = blocks the Argala from manifesting
• Rashi Drishti: Sign/zodiacal aspect; permanent, always present
  • Chara (movable) signs aspect all Sthira (fixed) signs mutually
  • Sthira (fixed) signs aspect all Chara signs mutually
  • Dwiswabhava (dual/mutable) signs aspect all other Dwiswabhava signs mutually
• Graha Drishti: Planetary aspect based on desire; may or may not manifest
  • All planets → 7th; Jupiter → 5th+9th; Mars → 4th+8th; Saturn → 3rd+10th

class-04

• Chara: Movable/cardinal signs (Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn)
• Sthira: Fixed signs (Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, Aquarius)
• Dwiswabhava: Dual/mutable signs (Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces)
• Badhakasthana: House of undiagnosable obstacles/troubles
  • Chara Lagna: 11th house is Badhakasthana
  • Sthira Lagna: 9th house is Badhakasthana
  • Dwiswabhava Lagna: 7th house is Badhakasthana
• Neecha: Debilitation; planet in sign of lowest strength
• Uchcha: Exaltation; planet in sign of highest strength
• Neecha Bhanga: Cancellation of debilitation; leads to Raja Yoga

class-05

• Varga: Divisional chart; division of sign into parts
• Shodasha Varga: 16 divisional charts
• Vimshopaka: Weighted strength score across all 16 vargas; D60 has highest weight
• Sashtiamsha (D60): 60th divisional chart; chart of karma from all past lives
• Hora (D2): 2nd divisional chart; shows wealth
• Drekkana (D3): 3rd divisional; shows siblings
• Chaturthamsha (D4): 4th divisional; shows property/vehicles
• Saptamsha (D7): 7th divisional; shows children
• Navamsha (D9): 9th divisional; dharma, marriage
• Dasamsha (D10): 10th divisional; career
• Dwadasamsha (D12): 12th divisional; parents
• Shodasamsha/Kalamsha (D16): 16th divisional; comforts, vehicles
• Vimshamsha (D20): 20th divisional; spiritual pursuits
• Sidhdhamsha/Chaturvimshamsha (D24): 24th divisional; learning/education; "Siddha" = true understanding
• Bhamsha/Nakshatramsha (D27): 27th divisional; strengths and weaknesses
• Trimshamsha (D30): 30th divisional; evils, misfortunes
• Khavedamsha (D40): 40th divisional; distant matrilineal karma
• Akshavedamsha (D45): 45th divisional; paternal karma
• Sashtiamsha (D60): 60th divisional; complete karma blueprint

class-06

• Tapas: Austerity, penance; the practice of spiritual discipline
• Tapasvi: One who performs Tapas; Tapasvi Yoga creates such a person
• Gaja Kesari: "Elephant-Lion" yoga; Jupiter in kendra from Moon
• Guru Purnima: Full moon of Ashadha month; auspicious day to receive mantra diksha from guru
• Diksha: Initiation; formal transmission of mantra from guru to disciple
• Shankaracharya: Title of the head of one of the four monasteries established by Adi Shankaracharya; spiritual lineage holder

class-07

• Vaisheshika Amsha: Special position indicator when a planet occupies the same relative position across multiple divisional charts
• Simhasana: "Lion throne"; Vaisheshika level achieved when planet is in same position across 5 vargas
• Devaloka: "World of gods"; Vaisheshika level achieved at 7 vargas
• Sri Dham: "Abode of Sri (Lakshmi)"; all 16 vargas same — rarest, most powerful
• Paryata: Lowest Vaisheshika level; 2 vargas
• Dikpalakas: Guardians of directions; 10 of them correspond to 10 Dasamsha divisions
• Kubera: God of wealth; north direction; Dasamsha deity for wealth-focused career
• Ishana/Isha: Shiva as lord of northeast direction; Dasamsha deity for religious career
• Nirriti: God of disorder/southwest; Dasamsha deity for unconventional/innovative career
• Varuna: God of water/west; persistence, foreign, abroad
• Ananta: "Infinite/Endless"; Dasamsha deity for spiritual/upward growth career
• Brahma: Creator god; Dasamsha deity for research/creation career

class-08

• Arudha Pada: Material reflection/manifestation of a house; calculated as equidistant from lord as lord is from house
• Arudha Lagna (AL): Arudha of 1st house; tangible image/how world perceives you
• Upapada Lagna (UL): Arudha of 12th house; marriage ceremony/tangible marriage
• Maya: Illusion; the material/tangible world; Arudhas operate at Maya level
• Satya: Truth; the hidden reality; houses from Lagna operate at Satya level
• Mrityupada (A8): Arudha of 8th house; tangible end, divorce, significant change
• Labha: Gain; 11th house is Labha sthana
• Vyaya: Expenditure/giving away; 12th house is Vyaya sthana

class-09

• Badhaka: That which obstructs; Badhakasthana = house of mysterious, undiagnosable trouble
• Stri Prakriti: Feminine nature; principle of submission/receptivity; relevant to D20 where debilitated planets are stronger
• Atmakaraka: Planet with highest degree; soul significator; main agenda of the soul in this life

class-10

• Sandhya: Junction period; transition between dashas; like twilight — the transition from one Mahadasha to the next
• Pranapada Lagna (PP): A computed point in the chart; classical rectification technique; must be in trine from Moon for human birth (in Navamsha)
• Kala: Time personified; Kala Amsha in D60 = cold, disciplined, detached
• Davagni: Forest fire; Sashtiamsha type — turbulent, destroys old to create new
• Kommala: Delicate, tender; Sashtiamsha type — very fragile good fortune
• Yaksha: Demi-gods; highly skilled, magical beings; Yaksha Amsha in D60 = demigod-like skill
• Geocentric: Earth-centered perspective for planetary positions (standard in Vedic astrology)
• Topocentric: Observer-centered; adjusted for geographic location and altitude
• Upada: Arudha of 12th = UL; "upada" specifically refers to Upapada Lagna in context of marriage
• Deva Dharma: The Dharma of the gods; characterized by compassion, giving, kindness
• Rakshasa Dharma: The Dharma of demons; characterized by selfishness, arrogance, tamas
• Manushya Dharma: Human Dharma; between Deva and Rakshasa
• Paraspara Drishti: Mutual aspect between two planets; when both aspects are present simultaneously = strong yoga

v1 Batch 2 — Classes 11–20

Glossary — Batch 2

Term — Ahankara (अहंकार)

Source: class-13 Literal meaning: "I-maker"; the sense of individual identity; ego. In astrology: The individual soul's identification with its own light, ignoring the Paramatma's light. "When the Atma and Paramatma sit close, you can't see God because you are basking in your own light — that is ahankara." (class-13). The degree to which the Atmakaraka has advanced is inversely related to ahankara. Context: Used in the explanation of why the highest-degree planet becomes the Atmakaraka; its "light intensity" represents the extent of ego.

Term — Amavasya (अमावस्या)

Source: class-14 Literal meaning: No-Moon night; new moon. In astrology: Moon is weakest (dark) at Amavasya. Moon from Amavasya to Purnima is waxing (Shukla Paksha) and considered benefic; from Purnima to Amavasya is waning (Krishna Paksha) and considered malefic. Context: Used to judge Moon's benefic/malefic nature in a chart — "Moon's nature changes every month; half the time benefic, half the time malefic." (class-14)

Term — Argala (अर्गल)

Source: class-14 Literal meaning: Bolt; a pin that holds a door shut; a decisive intervention. In astrology: A planet in the 2nd, 4th, or 11th house (with secondary in the 5th) from a reference house has Argala on that house. It means a decisive, conclusive intervention in the matter of that house. "Argala is like the chip layout engineer — he doesn't know the algorithms, but without his work the chip cannot go to production. He has a conclusive role to play." (class-14) Context: Argala planets exert their influence when their Dasha/Antardasha comes, regardless of whether they aspect the house or are in it.

Term — Artha Trikona (अर्थ त्रिकोण)

Source: class-11, class-14 Literal meaning: Triangle of wealth/resources. In astrology: Houses 2, 6, and 10 form the Artha Trikona (wealth triangle). 2nd = resources/food; 6th = overcoming obstacles through use of resources; 10th = final achievement/karma. "All three Artha houses together show career — not just the 10th alone." (class-14) Context: Used in career analysis; all three houses must be examined.

Term — Atmakaraka (आत्मकारक)

Source: class-13, class-15, class-16, class-18 Literal meaning: Significator of the Atma (soul). In astrology: The planet with the highest degree within its sign (ignoring which sign). This is the Chara Atmakaraka. It represents the individual soul (Jivatma) and shows the soul's core desires, challenges, and spiritual direction. "The Atmakaraka is the king of the whole existence — as long as the king is not happy, you are not happy." (class-15) Context: Central concept in Jaimini astrology; used to find Karakamsha, Ishta Devata, and the soul's evolutionary level.

Term — Arudha Lagna / Arudha Pada (आरूढ लग्न / आरूढ पद)

Source: class-11, class-14 Literal meaning: "That which has risen" (from Arudha = mounted, risen); the reflection/image. In astrology: The Arudha of the Lagna (AL) is the materialized image of the native — what people perceive of them. Arudha of any house is the tangible/measurable manifestation of that house's matters. "What I see as your existence is the Arudha Lagna — the bodily image plus the attributes that have risen in the material world." (class-14). The Arudha is found by counting the lord's position from the house, then the same number of houses from the lord. Context: Arudha Lagna shows the image; houses from AL qualify that image. The 3rd and 6th from AL are particularly important for judging the nature of a person's boldness and method of overcoming enemies (saint vs. aggressor). Arudha Padas have no meaning in D60 (supra-conscious level chart).

Term — Badhaka / Badhakasthana (बाधक / बाधक स्थान)

Source: class-14, class-20 Literal meaning: Obstacle; obstructing place. In astrology: The house that causes inexplicable, hard-to-solve obstacles. For Chara (movable) Lagnas = 11th house is Badhakasthana. For Sthira (fixed) Lagnas = 9th house. For Dwisvabhava (dual) Lagnas = 7th house. The lord of the Badhakasthana is Badhakesh. "Badhaka lord problems are of unseen, inexplicable nature — correlated in the Shastras with pishachi badha, preta badha (disturbances from departed souls)." (class-20) Context: Used in timing and explaining inexplicable suffering. If Badhakesh is in Lagna of a Muhurta chart, it brings unexplained troubles to the enterprise.

Term — Bhratru Karaka (भ्रातृ कारक)

Source: class-15 Literal meaning: Significator of siblings. In astrology: In the Chara Karaka scheme, the BK is the soul(s) that journey alongside the native like brothers — co-disciples, colleagues, spiritual peers. Not limited to physical siblings. "Your guru's other disciples who pursue the same spiritual path are your Bhratru Karaka souls." (class-15) Context: Used in Jaimini astrology for understanding soul-level relationships.

Term — Brahma Amsha (ब्रह्म अंश)

Source: class-14 Literal meaning: Division/portion belonging to Brahma (the creator). In astrology: One of the ten Dasamsa deities. Brahma = digging downward; Rajasic energy of research. A planet in Brahma Amsha in D10 shows a researcher who keeps digging deeper into a subject. "Scientists think that if they keep breaking things down (atom→electron→quark...) they will eventually understand everything — that is Brahma's approach. It's not Ananta's rising approach." (class-14) Context: Used to identify research-oriented careers in Dasamsa analysis.

Term — Dara Karaka (दार कारक)

Source: class-15 Literal meaning: Significator of the wife/partner (Dara = woman). In astrology: The lowest-degree planet among the eight Chara Karakas (Sun through Rahu). Shows the soul of the spouse and the partner's role in the native's spiritual journey. (class-15) Context: Key for understanding deep soul-level marriage compatibility in Jaimini astrology.

Term — Dharma Trikona (धर्म त्रिकोण)

Source: class-11 Literal meaning: Triangle of righteous duty. In astrology: Houses 1, 5, and 9. First house = existence/the very being; fifth house = your abilities and power; ninth house = duty/dharma. "Whatever divisional chart you look at, 1st, 5th, 9th are the Dharma Trikonas — same meanings apply." (class-11) Context: The trines show blessings, inherent gifts, and protective forces in any chart.

Term — Dridrishti / Graha Drishti (ग्रह दृष्टि)

Source: class-14 Literal meaning: Planetary aspect/sight. In astrology: The desire of a planet to influence a particular house matter. A planet with Graha Drishti on a house wants to play a role in that matter (positively or negatively). Whether the desire is fulfilled depends on the Dasha and the relationship between the planet, its depositor, and the relevant Karaka. "Graha Drishti is like a person who desires to work on a project — he may or may not succeed depending on his boss's relationship with the project manager." (class-14) Context: Distinguish from Rashi Drishti, which is permanent and unconditional.

Term — Gandanta (गण्डान्त)

Source: class-13 Literal meaning: "Knot at the end"; junction of water and fire signs. In astrology: The 3°20' of overlap between the end of a water sign and the beginning of a fire sign (Pisces-Aries, Cancer-Leo, Scorpio-Sagittarius). Birth near these junctions is considered difficult and requires special rituals. "Gandanta! Is that Sarpanth Yogi?" — questioning whether defective hands/birth difficulty could be attributed to Gandanta placement. (class-13) Context: Used to identify potentially difficult birth times requiring special remedial rituals.

Term — Ghatika Lagna (घटिका लग्न)

Source: class-13, class-20 Literal meaning: Lagna of the Ghatika (a unit of ~24 minutes of time); also called Gati Lagna. In astrology: A special Lagna calculated based on sunrise time that shows existence from the viewpoint of power and authority. When the Ghatika Lagna coincides with strong political planets or a powerful house, it shows political authority. "GL stands for Ghatika Lagna — it shows existence from the point of view of power and authority." (class-20) Context: In Jawaharlal Nehru's Tithi Pravesha chart, Ghatika Lagna was in the 10th house with exalted Sun — showing the year of his rise to political power. (class-13)

Term — Graha Arudha (ग्रह आरूढ)

Source: class-11 Literal meaning: The Arudha (image/reflection) of a planet. In astrology: Just as each house has an Arudha Pada (the material reflection of the house), each planet lord also has an Arudha. The Graha Arudha of the 4th lord in D12 would show the actual mother in the material world (flesh-level image). "More than using Satya [truth], you better use Maya [image/Arudha] because it's all Maya." (class-11) Context: More advanced concept; mentioned but not fully elaborated in these classes.

Term — Hora Lagna (होर लग्न)

Source: class-13 Literal meaning: The Lagna of the Hora. In astrology: A special Lagna that shows money and financial prosperity. Visible in Jagannath Hora software. Strong Hora Lagna or planets in it indicate financial strength. Context: Used alongside Ghatika Lagna in Tithi Pravesha chart analysis to identify years of financial and power-related peaks.

Term — Ishta Devata (इष्ट देवता)

Source: class-13, class-16 Literal meaning: Chosen deity; favorite/personal god. In astrology: The deity most suited to the native's spiritual development, derived from the placement of the Atmakaraka in Navamsa (Karakamsha) and the planet in the 12th from the Karakamsha. "The planet in the 12th from Atmakaraka in Navamsa shows Ishta Devata — the deity that will help the Atma achieve liberation." (class-15/16) Context: Even if AK replacement occurs, the Ishta Devata is derived from the ORIGINAL Atmakaraka only. (class-16)

Term — Kama Trikona (काम त्रिकोण)

Source: class-11 Literal meaning: Triangle of desire. In astrology: Houses 3, 7, and 11. Third house = the seed of desire (drive/initiative); 7th house = desire nurtured (partnership/fulfillment); 11th house = gains from fulfilling desires. (class-11) Context: Used in understanding motivations and desire-based actions.

Term — Karaka Replacement (Chara Karaka Replacement)

Source: class-16 Literal meaning: The substitution of one Chara Karaka with another during the native's lifetime. In astrology: When two planets share the same degree (and thus the same Karaka slot), the higher-degree planet initially holds the Karaka position. Later in life — typically after a significant spiritual transformation — the original AK steps aside and the next-ranked planet becomes AK. "When Karaka replacement happens, all the dynamics change — the new AK brings new challenges and a new focus." (class-16). Mars→Venus AK replacement: what was simple duty-based effort becomes philosophical struggle. Context: Rare occurrence; its timing corresponds to a major spiritual shift in the native's life.

Term — Karakamsha (कारकांश)

Source: class-13, class-15 Literal meaning: The Amsha (Navamsa division) of the Karaka (Atmakaraka). In astrology: The Navamsa sign occupied by the Atmakaraka. This sign and its placement in the Navamsa chart reveals the soul's deepest dharmic direction. The 12th from Karakamsha shows the path to Moksha. Malefics in trines to Karakamsha = high spiritual strength/mantrika. (class-13) Context: Central concept in Jaimini astrology for understanding Ishta Devata and spiritual trajectory.

Term — Kula Ghna (कुलघ्न)

Source: class-14 Literal meaning: Family-destroyer; one who breaks the family lineage. In astrology: A D60 Amsha (Sashtiamsa division) name indicating karma of not carrying the family lineage forward — no marriage, or choosing celibacy. "Venus in Kula Ghna in D60 — this person basically did not carry his family forward. Even though Venus is in Lagna, this person never married." (class-14). The karma embedded in this Amsha explains why material significators are overridden by karmic ones. Context: Used in D60 analysis to explain why seemingly favorable chart positions don't yield expected material results.

Term — Lagnachakra (लग्नचक्र)

Source: class-11 Literal meaning: The wheel/chart of the Lagna; the conception chart. In astrology: The chart cast for the moment of conception. The conception time determines the birth chart. "The time of conception fixes the time of birth — there are formulas linking the Lagnachakra to the natal chart. The exact time cannot be fixed, but a 10-minute window can be." (class-11). R. Santhanam did controlled research confirming this link. Context: Advanced pre-natal astrology; mostly theoretical in these classes.

Term — Marana Karana Sthana (मारण कारण स्थान)

Source: class-11, class-14 Literal meaning: House that causes death/extreme weakness (for a planet). In astrology: For each planet, one house is exceptionally debilitating:

• Sun → 12th house
• Moon → 8th house
• Mars → 7th house
• Mercury → 7th house
• Jupiter → 3rd house
• Venus → 6th house
• Saturn → 1st house
• Rahu → 9th house "If the planet is in that house, that house's matters are destroyed." (class-11). Moon in the 8th is Marana Sthana — Sanjay Gandhi's Vimshottari Moon Dasha gave death. (class-11) Context: Used for identifying vulnerable dashas and houses in longevity analysis.

Term — Moksha Trikona (मोक्ष त्रिकोण)

Source: class-11 Literal meaning: Triangle of liberation. In astrology: Houses 4, 8, and 12. Fourth house = direction of spiritual pursuit/contentment; 8th house = tapasya/unselfish hard work; 12th house = final giving up of attachment, liberation. "These are the houses of overcoming desires. Twelfth house is giving away things without thought of return." (class-11) Context: Used in spiritual assessment of a chart.

Term — Naisargika Karaka (नैसर्गिक कारक)

Source: class-14, class-15 Literal meaning: Natural significator; relating to inherent nature (Nisarga = creation/nature). In astrology: Fixed, permanent significators of life matters — the same for all charts. Governed by Brahma (the creator). "Naisargika means relating to the inherent nature — relating to creation itself." (class-15). These show things arising from birth/creation rather than from the soul's journey. Context: Distinguished from Chara Karakas (variable, soul-level) and Sthira Karakas (fixed, for timing death).

Term — Prana Pada Lagna (प्राण पद लग्न)

Source: class-14 Literal meaning: The foothold/foundation of Prana (life force). In astrology: A sensitive point computed from sunrise time and Lagna. In the Navamsa chart, if Moon is in a trine or 7th from Prana Pada Lagna, the chart belongs to a human being. Different conditions apply for different species: Sun's trine/7th = birds; Ketu's = fish; Venus's = horses. (class-14) Context: Used for verifying whether a chart belongs to a human being and potentially for determining gender (though PVR says the gender rules are not fully reliable).

Term — Punyakra (पुण्यक्र)

Source: class-11 Literal meaning: The auspicious/karmic moment. In astrology: The chart cast at the exact moment of a person's death. Used to see what Loka (realm) the soul goes to after death, how long it stays there, and when/where it will be reborn. "Pandit Sanjay Rath taught a session on Punyakra — the chart at the time of death can show the next life." (class-11) Context: Advanced jyotish concept at the boundary of astrology and spirituality; not elaborated practically in these classes.

Term — Rashi Drishti (राशि दृष्टि)

Source: class-11, class-14 Literal meaning: Sign-based aspect. In astrology: Permanent aspects between signs (not planets). Movable signs aspect fixed signs (except the adjacent one). Fixed signs aspect movable signs (except the adjacent one). Dual signs aspect each other. "Rashi Drishti is not a desire — it is a permanent role. Like the typist who always attends the meeting and takes notes, whether or not the project needs her that day." (class-14) Context: Rashi Drishti gives permanent, unconditional influence; Graha Drishti gives conditional (desire-based) influence.

Term — Sankranti (संक्रान्ति)

Source: class-13 Literal meaning: Transition/crossing; when a planet changes sign. In astrology: "Sankranti is a very important event. Whenever any planet — not just the Sun — crosses into a new sign, its light resets to zero for that sign. Each degree within a sign corresponds to one day of that planet's journey, accumulating light from the Aditya of that sign." (class-13). This is the basis for why higher degrees = higher light = Atmakaraka. Context: Used to explain the Chara Karaka degree measurement and the Atmakaraka selection principle.

Term — Sthira Karaka (स्थिर कारक)

Source: class-15 Literal meaning: Fixed significator. In astrology: Seven fixed karakas (Sun through Saturn, no Rahu) used for timing death of relatives and significant separations. Lorded by Shiva (the destroyer). "Shiva destroys the body, the mind, and eventually the qualities of the soul — Sthira Karakas time when those destructions happen." (class-15) Context: Not covered practically in these classes; mentioned in the Karaka framework overview.

Term — Upachaya Houses (उपचय)

Source: class-11, class-14 Literal meaning: Houses that increase/grow over time. In astrology: Houses 3, 6, 10, and 11. Malefic planets are actually beneficial in these houses because "malefics in Upachaya houses grow stronger over time and give good results — especially in the 3rd, 6th, and 11th." (class-11). For Ketu: in the 11th (Upachaya) in own sign is extremely well-placed. (class-11) Context: Used for judging whether malefic planet placements are harmful or beneficial.

Term — Vak Shuddhi (वाक् शुद्धि)

Source: class-11 Literal meaning: Purity of speech. In astrology: When a person maintains perfect purity of speech over a long period, their words gain predictive power regardless of astrological expertise. "There are astrologers who use spiritual strength more than astrology — because of Vak Shuddhi, whatever they say comes true." (class-11) Context: Philosophical note on the relationship between spiritual practice and predictive accuracy.

Term — Vargottama (वर्गोत्तम)

Source: class-13 Literal meaning: Best of divisions (Varga = divisional chart, Uttama = best). In astrology: A planet occupies the same sign in both the Rashi chart (D1) and the Navamsa chart (D9). This gives the planet exceptional strength — it is strongly supported at both the physical and Dharmic levels. "Vargottama Sun, exalted AND vargottama — what will happen in Sun Dasha?" (class-13). However, very high strength (exalted + vargottama) is not always purely good — it can mean extreme manifestation of both positive and negative qualities. Context: One of the most important strength indicators in Jyotish.

Term — Visargika

Source: class-11 Literal meaning: Relating to emanation/creation from higher sources; see Naisargika. In astrology: (Same as Naisargika in the context used). The natural, creation-given nature of karakas and planetary significations. Context: Used interchangeably with Naisargika in some discussions.

v1 Batch 3 — Classes 21–30

Glossary — Batch 3 (classes 21–30)

Term — Paaka (पाक)

Source: class-22 Literal meaning: Cooking; that which is being cooked. In astrology: In dasha analysis, the Paaka is the sign occupied by the Antardasha lord. It shows where the native is putting their effort — what is being "cooked" or worked upon during that sub-period. Context: Used in the Bhaga-Paaka technique for reading Mahadasha-Antardasha combinations. Count from Mahadasha lord to Antardasha lord; count the same number from the Antardasha lord = Bhaga (what is experienced). The Antardasha lord's own position = Paaka (what is being worked on).

Term — Bhaga (भाग)

Source: class-22 Literal meaning: Share; what one receives/experiences; enjoyment. In astrology: In dasha analysis, the Bhaga is the sign arrived at by counting from the Antardasha lord the same number of houses as the Antardasha lord is from the Mahadasha lord. It shows what the native actually experiences during that Antardasha. Context: If Bhaga falls in the 10th house, the native experiences career results. If in the 12th, there will be losses. Bhaga falling in Ghatika Lagna during an Antardasha means the native experiences and exercises power.

Term — Avahayami (आवाहयामि)

Source: class-23 Literal meaning: I am invoking; I am giving life. In astrology: The ritual act of transferring one's life force (the divine spark within oneself) into an idol or lamp at the beginning of a puja. Without this act, the idol is just an object; with it, it becomes a living recipient of worship. Context: When participating in religious rituals like Sahasra Jyotirlinga Archana, participants who light individual lamps should say "Avahayami" to make the ritual meaningful. The deity invoked in the object came from within you; services rendered are ultimately to the god within you.

Term — Sthapayami, Pujayami (स्थापयामि, पूजयामि)

Source: class-23 Literal meaning: I am establishing; I am worshipping. In astrology: The ritual words spoken after Avahana to establish and then worship the invoked deity. Context: Part of the standard ritual sequence: Avahayami (invoke) → Sthapayami (establish) → Pujayami (worship).

Term — Baadha sthana (बाधास्थान)

Source: class-23 Literal meaning: Place of obstruction/trouble; the house of inexplicable troubles. In astrology: A specific house that gives inexplicable, mysterious troubles — troubles whose cause cannot be explained rationally. For movable signs: 11th house is Baadha sthana. For fixed signs: 9th house. For dual signs: 7th house. The lord of the Baadha sthana can give foreign travel when activated (suggesting the person "escapes" something that was troubling them). Context: Used in travel analysis; Baadha lord giving travel indicates the person was pushed away from their homeland by mysterious or inexplicable troubles, rather than traveling from desire (7th house lord) or prosperity (9th house lord).

Term — Jalapatana Sahamam (जलपतन सहाम)

Source: class-23 Literal meaning: Ocean-crossing sensitive point. In astrology: One of the Sahamas (Arabic Parts) specifically indicating crossing of oceans / overseas travel. When this Sahamam is associated with the 7th, 9th, or 12th house or their lords in the annual Tithi Pravesha chart, there is strong indication of ocean crossing that year. Context: Used together with Pardesha Sahamam (abroad sensitive point) for confirming foreign travel predictions.

Term — Pardesha Sahamam (परदेश सहाम)

Source: class-23 Literal meaning: Foreign land sensitive point. In astrology: A Sahamam indicating living or traveling to a foreign land. When its lord connects with 7th, 9th, or 12th lords, or when it is placed in those houses, foreign travel/residence is indicated. Context: For PVR's example chart — Pardesha Sahamam was associated with Mars (7th and 12th lord for Taurus Lagna), strongly indicating foreign travel.

Term — Hora (होरा) — sign division

Source: class-25 Literal meaning: Half; one of the two halves of a sign. In astrology: Each sign is divided into two Horas of 15° each. In odd signs: first half (0°–15°) is Sun Hora, second half (15°–30°) is Moon Hora. In even signs: first half is Moon Hora, second half is Sun Hora. This determines which conditional Dasha applies (e.g., Shatrimsha Sama Dasha requires daytime birth in Sun Hora or nighttime birth in Moon Hora). Context: Not to be confused with the Hora of the day (planetary hour). This is the Rashi Hora, the bipartite division of a sign.

Term — Odd-footed signs / Even-footed signs (विषम-पाद / सम-पाद)

Source: class-28 Literal meaning: Signs belonging to Vishnu's odd and even feet. In astrology: The 12 signs are grouped into four sets of three: Aries-Taurus-Gemini (odd-footed, group 1), Cancer-Leo-Virgo (even-footed, group 2), Libra-Scorpio-Sagittarius (odd-footed, group 3), Capricorn-Aquarius-Pisces (even-footed, group 4). In Narayana Dasha: (a) if the starting sign is odd-footed, count forward; if even-footed, count backward; (b) for computing dasha length, the oddness of the sign determines whether you count to the lord forward or backward. Context: Symbolic of the three Padas (feet/strides) of Vishnu with which he crossed the universe. These three padas cycle in odd-even-odd-even groups.

Term — Brahma-Vishnu-Shiva progressions in Narayana Dasha

Source: class-28 Literal meaning: The three progressions corresponding to the three cosmic principles. In astrology: In Narayana Dasha, the order in which signs come depends on whether the starting sign is movable, fixed, or dual: Movable (Brahma/Rajasa): regular zodiacal order (1, 2, 3, 4…); Fixed (Shiva/Tamas): every 6th sign; Dual (Vishnu/Sattva): Dharma-Artha-Kama-Moksha Trikona progression (1→5→9, then shift by 1, repeat). Context: Brahma creates in natural sequence; Shiva destroys/troubles in 6th-house jumps; Vishnu maintains in trikona (dharmic) order.

Term — Dasha Pravesha Chakra (दशाप्रवेश चक्र)

Source: class-29 Literal meaning: Entry chart of the Dasha; the chart at the moment a Dasha begins. In astrology: A chart cast for the exact time and birthplace when a given Dasha (or Antardasha) begins. Used as the primary tool for interpreting Narayana Dasha Antardashas. The Lagna of this chart becomes the reference point for judging how each Antardasha sign will perform. Context: PVR's key method for Narayana Dasha interpretation: take the Dasha Pravesha Chakra's Lagna; then judge each Antardasha sign's placement from that Lagna in the natal chart.

Term — Jaya Yoga (जय योग)

Source: class-29 Literal meaning: Victory Yoga. In astrology: Formed when the 6th lord is debilitated (neecha) and the 10th lord is exalted (ucha) or strong. Results: victory over enemies, success in competition, winning court cases, winning elections. Context: Can appear in natal chart or in Dasha Pravesha Chakra. In natal chart → gives victory in relevant Dashas. In Pravesha Chakra → gives victory during that particular Antardasha.

Term — Pancha Loha (पंचलोह)

Source: class-23 Literal meaning: Five metals alloy. In astrology: The ideal metal for Ketu's ring or idol is an alloy of five metals. The five lohas correspond to the five planets' metals combined. Context: Each planet has an ideal metal: Sun/Moon/Jupiter/Mars → gold (especially gold with copper for Mars); Mercury → silver or bronze; Venus → silver/platinum; Saturn → iron; Ketu → pancha-loha. Used when making rings, idols, or offerings in rituals.

Term — Visaptati Sama Dasha (विंशपति सम दशा)

Source: class-24, class-27 Literal meaning: Seventy-part equal Dasha (70-year cycle); actually the name means seventy. In astrology: A conditional Nakshatra Dasha with a 72-year total cycle, applicable when Lagna lord is in 7th or 7th lord is in Lagna. Context: Used as an alternative to Vimshottari when the condition applies. Does not mean the native's lifespan is 72 years — if they live longer, the dasha cycle repeats.

Term — Tithi Pravesha (तिथि प्रवेश)

Source: class-30 Literal meaning: Entry into the tithi; the solar return based on tithi rather than calendar date. In astrology: The annual return chart cast when the Sun returns to the same sign as birth AND the Moon is at the same distance (tithi) from the Sun as at birth. This is the annual chart used for predicting events of the current year. Context: The tithi repeats every year regardless of the exact calendar date. The nakshatra at Tithi Pravesha may be 1–3 nakshatras away from the birth nakshatra. In Adhik Maas years (when the same tithi occurs twice while Sun is in the same sign), take the second occurrence. Error in the Tithi Pravesha Dasha is measured in hours (not days), since the cycle is compressed.

v1 Batch 4 — Classes 31–40

Glossary — Batch 4 (Classes 31–40)

A

Adhyastama Shani (Class 37) : Saturn transiting the 12th sign from its natal position. Considered a difficult transit indicating setbacks, losses, or heightened effort with diminished results. Part of the Sade Sati extended cycle analysis.

Adrishta : Unseen/invisible blessings; the permanent latent potential in a chart. Contrasted with Argala (which manifests during specific periods). In Navamsa context, Adrishta = the permanent blessings from past dharma.

Amanta (Class 33) : Lunar month system where the month ends at Amavasya (new moon). Used in South India and Maharashtra. Contrast with Shuklanta.

Ardra Pravesha (Class 33, 39) : The moment the Sun enters Ardra nakshatra (approximately 6°40' Gemini in the sidereal zodiac). One of several new year charts used in mundane astrology, particularly important in Kerala. Marks the onset of the monsoon traditionally.

Argala (Class 40) : Intervention or lock — a planet placed in certain houses (2nd, 4th, 11th from a reference point) that exerts influence on that reference. In Navamsa, Argala from the 4th house is permanent as potential but activates during the Argala planet's dasha.

Atmakaraka (Classes 31, 40) : The planet with the highest degree of longitude advancement in the birth chart (excluding Rahu/Ketu in Parashari system; some Jaimini schools include Rahu). Represents the soul's primary lesson/desire for this lifetime.

Ashtakavarga (Class 37) : An ancient system of assigning benefic points (0 or 1) to each sign for each of the 7 planets plus Lagna, based on their transit relationship to 8 reference points (the 7 planets and Lagna). Total points per sign indicate how strong transits through that sign will be.

B

Bandhana Sahamam (Class 31) : A special sensitive point (Sahama/Arabian part) calculated from the Lagna. Indicates the potential for imprisonment, bondage, or restriction. Analyzed in Michael Jackson's chart in Class 31.

Bhoga (Class 38) : "Experience point" — the specific degree within a Narayana Dasha sign that is currently active (based on how much of the dasha period has elapsed). When the Bhoga reaches a planet's degree, that planet's results manifest.

BPHS (Class 40) : Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra — the primary classical text of Parashari astrology by sage Parashara. PVR considers Parashara's teachings more clearly stated than Jaimini's encrypted sutras.

C

Chamakam (Class 39) : The second part of Sri Rudram. After reciting Namakam (appeasing Rudra), Chamakam requests specific blessings. Together Namakam + Chamakam = Sri Rudram.

Chaitra Shukla Pratipada (Class 33) : The first lunar day (Pratipada) of the bright fortnight (Shukla Paksha) of Chaitra month (March-April). Marks the New Year in the Vikrama Samvat calendar and is one of the key mundane new year charts in Jyotish.

D

Dasha Dikpalas (Class 36) : Ten directional deities whose positions in Dasamsa indicate the divine energy governing career events during specific dashas. The ten are: Ishana (NE/Shiva), Ananta (N/Vishnu), Indra (E), Agni (SE), Yama (S), Nirriti (SW), Varuna (W), Vayu (NW), Kubera (N), Brahma (center). Each Dikpala's Dasamsa amsha position shows when that deity's domain becomes prominent in career.

Dharmamsa (Class 40) : Another name for the Navamsa (D9), emphasizing its role as the chart of dharma, past-life merit, and the soul's dharmic path.

Dwadasha Jyotirlinga (Class 40) : The 12 sacred Shiva Jyotirlingas corresponding to the 12 signs of the zodiac. Triambakeshwar (Pisces) = Venus exalted sign, connected to Mrityunjaya.

Dwadashottari Dasha (Class 38) : A conditional dasha system with a 112-year cycle. PVR's assessment: "unreliable" based on his research. Not recommended for primary prediction.

G

Gati Lagna (Class 31) : A special Lagna computed for divisional charts to track the "movement" or "pace" of the native's karmic evolution. Used alongside Narayana Dasha of divisional charts.

Gochara (Class 37) : Transit of planets. In Vedic astrology, transits are typically judged from the Moon's natal position (primary), natal Lagna (secondary), and Arudha Lagna (for external manifestation).

J

Jaimini Upadesa Sutras (Class 40) : A treatise on astrology by Maharishi Jaimini (a student/contemporary of Parashara). Written in encrypted form using Katapayadi Varga encoding. Covers Arudha Padas, Navamsa analysis, sign aspects, karakas, and approximately 20-30 types of dasas (mostly sign-based). PVR recommends using Parashara as the primary source; Jaimini is supplementary and requires careful interpretation.

K

Kartika Shukla Pratipada (Class 33) : First day of bright fortnight of Kartika month (October-November). One of the mundane new year charts; marks the new year in some South Indian and Gujarati calendars.

Katapayadi Varga (Class 40) : Ancient Sanskrit encoding system where letters of the alphabet (ka, kha, ga... ta, tha, da... pa, pha, ba... ya, ra, la, va...) are assigned numerical values (0-9). Used by Jaimini to encode house/sign numbers in sutra words. Decoding: assign numbers to syllables, reverse them (ancient Indian right-to-left numbering), divide by 12, remainder = house/sign number.

Karakamsa (Class 40) : The sign occupied by the Atmakaraka in the Navamsa chart. Shows the yearning of the soul — what the soul desires for its evolution this lifetime. Planets in trine to Karakamsa show soul-level desires.

L

Lagna Antara Dasha (Class 40) : A special dasha system available in JHora software. Used specifically to time when the inherent abilities shown in the Navamsa will physically manifest in the native's life. Has shorter, more focused sub-periods.

M

Magha Shukla Pratipada (Class 33) : First day of bright fortnight of Magha month (January-February). One of the mundane new year charts.

Makara Sankranti (Class 33) : Sun's entry into Capricorn (Makara). Major mundane chart; marks the traditional harvest festival. Capricorn is connected to Kali Yuga (the iron age) in cosmological symbolism — Saturn owns Capricorn, Saturn rules this yuga.

Mesha Sankranti (Class 33) : Sun's entry into Aries (Mesha). The most important mundane new year chart in Jyotish — this is used to judge the entire year's events globally. Cast as a chart for the exact moment Sun crosses 0° Aries (sidereal).

Mrityunjaya (Class 40) : "Conqueror of death" — epithet of Shiva. The Mrityunjaya Mantra was taught by Shiva to Venus (Shukra). This mantra confers longevity. Connection: Venus in Navamsa Lagna → native may live up to a century.

N

Namakam (Class 39) : The first part of Sri Rudram — the 11 appellations of Rudra, appeasing his fierce nature. See also Chamakam.

Navamsa (D9) — see Dharmamsa

P

Pancha Loka Palakas (Class 39) : The five divine rulers of the five elemental realms (five lokas):

1. Ganesha — rules Earth element (Prithvi); governs the earthly realm
2. Vishnu — rules Ether/Space element (Akasha); governs the sustaining realm
3. Brahma — rules Air element (Vayu); governs the creative realm
4. Rudra (Shiva) — rules Fire element (Agni); governs the transformative realm
5. Gauri (Parvati) — rules Water element (Jala); governs the nourishing realm

Parivarthana (Classes 33, 40) : Exchange of signs between two planets (each is in the other's sign of ownership). In Narayana Dasha, the dasha of either exchanged sign activates both planets' significations. In Navamsa, exchange only fully activates during the specific dasha period where both planets are triggered together.

Pranapada Lagna (Class 38) : A special sensitive point computed from the Moon's position. For a birth to be human (and not animal/other), the Moon must be in a trine (1st, 5th, 9th) or 7th from the Pranapada Lagna. If not, the being may not be of human order or there may be a chart error.

Prastara Ashtakavarga (PAV) (Class 38) : The detailed table showing each planet's individual Ashtakavarga contributions — which specific degrees/signs receive points from which planet. Used for precise transit predictions. Contrast with Samudaya (total) Ashtakavarga.

R

Rudras (Class 39) : Eleven (or in some systems, various numbers) of fierce forms of Shiva. Collectively they represent the forces of dissolution and transformation. Rudra rules Ardra nakshatra. The five Pancha Loka Palakas include Rudra as the fire element ruler. Sri Rudram is their primary hymn.

S

Sahama (Class 35) : Arabic Parts / Sensitive points calculated by adding/subtracting planetary longitudes from each other (e.g., Punya Sahama = Lagna + Moon - Sun). PVR: Has not experimented with Sahamas in Narayana Dasha context.

Saptati Sama Dasha (Classes 36, 38) : A 70-year dasha cycle applicable when Lagna lord is in 7th or 7th lord is in Lagna. When applicable, it is more reliable than Vimshottari for timing major events.

Sarvashtakavarga (Class 37) : The total (combined) Ashtakavarga score for all planets in each sign. Scores above 30 = strong; above 35 = very strong. Scores below 25 = weak; below 20 = very weak. Used to judge transit results and general sign strength.

Shuklanta (Class 33) : Lunar month system where the month ends at Purnima (full moon). Used in North India. Contrast with Amanta.

Siddhamsa (D24) — see Divisional Charts

Sri Lagna (Class 40) : A sensitive point computed from the angular relationship between Lagna, Moon, and other factors. Represents where Lakshmi (goddess of prosperity) resides in the chart. Shows material blessings and prosperity. Distinguished from Navamsa Lagna (which shows dharmic abilities).

Sthiti Pravesha (Class 31) : Annual chart cast for the exact moment the Sun returns to its natal degree in a given year (similar to Solar Return but using sidereal degrees). Can be cast for divisional charts as well (e.g., D24 Sthiti Pravesha = when Sun returns to its natal D24 position).

Surya Vimshottari (Class 38) : Vimshottari dasha starting from the Sun's nakshatra at birth. Used for conception charts and spiritual charts.

Swamsa (Class 40) : Term used by Jaimini meaning "own division/amsha of self." Used interchangeably for: (1) Navamsa Lagna, (2) Karakamsa (Atmakaraka's Navamsa sign). Context clarifies which meaning is intended.

T

Tapas Yoga (Class 36) : Venus + Ketu tightly conjunct, with Saturn in a trine to the conjunction. Indicates intense spiritual austerity and penance as a life theme.

V

Vaisakha Purnima (Class 33) : Full moon of Vaisakha month (April-May). Used as a mundane chart for certain traditions; also significant as Buddha Purnima.

Vimshamsa (D20) — see Divisional Charts

Vimshopaka Bala (Class 34) : A strength measurement system that considers a planet's dignity across multiple divisional charts. Weighted score: D1 has highest weight, followed by D9, D3, D7, D12, D30, and several others. A planet with high Vimshopaka Bala is considered genuinely strong across multiple life dimensions.

Y

Yama (Class 40) : God of dharma and death; Saturn's brother/uncle in mythology. Adhyadeva (presiding deity) for Saturn in Navagraha puja. Dogs symbolize Yama (and Saturn) — representing discipline, loyalty, and dharma.

v1 Batch 5 — Classes 41–50

Glossary — Batch 5 (Classes 41–50)

class-41

Sampada — Sanskrit term used by Parashara for the D2 (Hora) chart. Means "richness" or "resources" in the broadest sense: financial wealth, intellectual capital, physical vitality, social influence, and power. Commonly (and wrongly) reduced to "money" in modern interpretations. (v41)

Hora Lagna (HL) — A special Lagna in the D2 (Hora/Kasinath Hora) chart that specifically represents actual accumulated wealth — the real resources a person commands. Distinct from the regular Lagna. (v41)

Ghatika Lagna (GL) — A special Lagna point in the chart that represents power, authority, and influence — the capacity to command others or wield social/political power. (v41)

Upapada Lagna (UL) — The Arudha (mirror reflection) of the 12th house. The 12th house represents the act of surrendering/giving yourself to another person (as in marriage). UL therefore represents the tangible manifestation of marriage — the wedding ritual, the formal bond, the marriage event itself. (v41)

A7 (Arudha of 7th house) — The tangible image of the partner/spouse as perceived socially. Distinct from UL: A7 = the partner as an entity; UL = the marriage event/ritual. (v41)

Dvisaptati Sama Dasa — A conditional dasha of 72 years total. Activated when: 7th lord is in the Lagna OR Lagna lord is in the 7th house. Each planet gets 9 years in this system. (v41)

class-42

Janma Rasi — The sign occupied by the Moon at the time of birth. Colloquially called one's "moon sign." Distinct from the Rasi Chart (the full birth chart). Confusion between these two is a common error. (v42)

Sarala Yoga — 8th lord in the 8th house. The natural difficulties of the 8th house are turned in on themselves; the positive qualities (occult knowledge, longevity, hidden strength) dominate. (v42)

Hasha Yoga — 6th lord in the 6th house. The native is largely free from worry, disease, and enemies. Named for laughter (hasha) — the person faces obstacles with humor and ease. (v42)

Parivartana Yoga — Exchange of houses between two planets: planet A is in planet B's sign, and planet B is in planet A's sign. They "exchange" homes and begin to act like each other, triggered by the relevant dasha. Quality depends on the houses involved: same trikona = excellent, dusthana involvement = problematic. (v42)

class-43

Bhava — The intangible meaning/quality of a house. The house itself is the concept, the potential, the abstract energy. (v43)

Padam / Arudha Pada — The tangible, physically perceptible manifestation of a house. Calculated by reflecting the house through its lord's position. Example: Arudha of 9th = A9 = tangible fortune as perceived by others. (v43)

Vairagyam — Sanskrit: detachment, dispassion, renunciation of the material world. Produced astronomically by Moon+Saturn combination. Can be genuine spiritual detachment (positive) or depression and withdrawal (negative). (v43)

Durdasha — The dasha system for assessing spiritual development/progress. Starts from the 9th house. Ketu-associated dashas are the most auspicious in Durdasha. (v43)

Moola Dasha — "Root-cause" dasha associated with the D60 (Sashtamsa) chart. Shows karma from past lives being discharged in the current life. The deepest level of timing. (v43)

Marga — Sanskrit: path, way. In spiritual context, refers to the specific spiritual path/method suited to an individual. Determined from the 4th house from Atmakaraka in D20. (v43)

Atmakaraka — The planet at the highest degree in the natal chart (among the seven planets). Represents the soul's primary lesson and desire in this lifetime. The most important planet for spiritual and karmic analysis. (v43)

class-44

Tithi Pravesh (Kiti Pravesh) — Annual lunar return chart. Cast when the Sun returns to its natal sign AND the Sun–Moon differential returns to the natal differential. The most reliable annual predictive chart in this tradition. (v44)

Vivaha Sahama — The "Marriage Sensitive Point." A calculated point in the zodiac specifically indicating marriage timing. Must be activated (by a planet or the dasha of its lord) in a Tithi Pravesh chart for marriage to occur during that year. (v44)

Hora Lord — The planetary ruler of the planetary "hour" (hora) at the exact moment of a chart's beginning. In a Tithi Pravesh chart: the Hora lord at the moment the year starts = the "king" or ruler of the coming year, governing its main themes. In a daily chart: the Hora lord at the moment the day starts = ruler of that day. (v44)

LMT (Local Mean Time) — Time measured relative to the local solar noon — when the Sun is exactly overhead at a specific geographic location. All clocks in pre-broadcast era were set to LMT. Modern clocks use standardized time zones. Choose LMT in software only when confirmed the birth time was LMT-calibrated. (v44)

Tithi — The lunar day. Defined by a 12-degree advancement of the Sun–Moon angular differential. There are 30 tithis in a lunar month (each 12°). The tithi symbolizes the relationship between the soul (Sun) and the mind (Moon). (v44)

class-45

Sashtamsa (D60) — The sixtieth harmonic divisional chart. Shows the actual karma carried from past lives. The most important divisional chart by Vimshopaka weighting in the Dasha Varga group. Parashara: "See everything in D60." (v45)

Indu Sashtamsa — The Moon's position in the D60 chart. "Indu" = Moon. An auspiciously placed Indu Sashtamsa indicates benefic past-life karma (the native was dharmic or spiritually generous in a previous life). (v45)

Dridha Karma — Fixed/immovable karma from past lives. Cannot be changed by any remedy — it must be experienced. Distinguished from Adridha (movable) karma which can be modified. (v45)

Adridha Karma — Unfixed, movable individual karma. Can be modified by personal satvic effort (fasting, mantra, worship, dharmic living). (v45)

Rajasic Remedy — A remedy that works through material means (e.g., gemstones). Provides temporary relief by drawing the planet's energy into the present, but postpones the associated karma to the future with "interest." (v45)

Satvic Remedy — A remedy that works through purity of action: fasting, penance, mantra, sincere worship. Processes karma at the correct time and intensity without postponement. Preferred over rajasic remedies. (v45)

class-46

Shadbala — Six-source strength measurement for planets. The six sources: Sthanabala (positional), Digbala (directional), Kalabala (temporal), Cheshtabala (motional), Naisargika Bala (natural), Drikbala (aspectual). Sthanabala is most important. Shadbala measures strength only — NOT quality or beneficence. (v46)

Sthanabala — Positional strength. The most important of the six Shadbala components. Determined by the planet's placement (exalted, own sign, moolatrikona, friend's house, enemy's house, debilitated). (v46)

Naisargika Bala — Natural (inherent) strength. The permanent hierarchy of planetary strength: Sun > Moon > Venus > Jupiter > Mercury > Mars > Saturn. Does not change based on chart. (v46)

Digbala — Directional strength. Each planet has maximum strength in one specific house: Mercury/Jupiter in 1st, Sun/Mars in 10th, Saturn in 7th, Moon/Venus in 4th. Applies in every divisional chart independently. (v46)

Vimshopaka Bala — A composite strength score calculated across multiple divisional charts, weighted differently per chart. D60 has the highest weight in the Dasha Varga group. Summarizes overall planetary strength across all life domains simultaneously. (v46)

Ashtakavarga — A counting system that calculates how much support a planet receives from the 7 other planets and the Lagna. 8 contributors maximum per planet (7 planets + Lagna). Higher count = more favorable results. Parashara called it suited for Kali Yuga practitioners due to its mechanical/objective nature. (v46)

class-47

Chaturvimshamsa (D24) — The 24th harmonic divisional chart. Governs the learning environment — formal education, skill acquisition, intellectual development. D24 Lagna changes every 4 minutes — the most time-sensitive divisional chart. (v47)

Kalasarpa Yoga — All planets between Rahu and Ketu with Ketu leading in the natural zodiac direction. Classical malefic yoga: obstacles, invisible forces blocking progress, hidden enemies, serpentine difficulties. (v47)

Kalaamrita Yoga — All planets between Rahu and Ketu with Rahu leading in the natural zodiac direction (the natural order). Considered auspicious — spiritual depth, expansive ambition, driven toward liberation. Often confused with Kalasarpa. (v47)

Abhijit Muhurta — The brief moment when the Sun is in the 10th house at exactly the same degree as the Lagna degree. The most auspicious muhurta (timing) for any beginning — solar force and Lagna force perfectly aligned. (v47)

Panchanga — The five elements of the Vedic almanac: Tithi (lunar day), Vara (weekday), Nakshatra (lunar mansion of the day), Yoga (Sun+Moon longitude sum ÷ 13°20'), Karana (half-tithi). Each has a lord that interacts with the Hora lord in annual chart analysis. (v47)

class-48

Graha Malaka Yoga — "Planet garland yoga." Multiple planets occupying consecutive zodiac signs, forming a chain. Significant in annual chart analysis — indicates a year of interconnected, linked events. (v48)

Paapa Kartari Yoga — "Sinful scissors yoga." A house hemmed between malefic planets on both sides (malefic in the house before and house after). Weakens the hemmed house even if it contains good planets. (v48)

Marana Karaka Sthana (MKS) — The house where a planet is considered "death-giving" for itself — where it is most uncomfortable and weakened beyond normal debilitation. Example: Sun in 12th, Moon in 8th, Mars in 7th, Mercury in 7th (some traditions), Jupiter in 3rd, Venus in 6th, Saturn in 1st. (v48)

Putra Sahama — The "Sons/Children Sensitive Point." A calculated zodiac point specifically indicating children. Its lord and its activation in the annual chart are key for timing childbirth. (v48)

Karma Sahama — The "Career/Work Sensitive Point." A calculated zodiac point indicating career and professional karma. Used alongside the 10th house and Dasamsa analysis. (v48)

class-49

Badhesha (Badhaka Lord) — The most difficult functional planet for a given Lagna: for movable signs = 11th lord; for fixed signs = 9th lord; for dual signs = 7th lord. Its dasha brings sudden, unexpected, causeless trouble — not the usual obstacles but something that appears without obvious reason. (v49)

A8 (Ashtama Pada) — Arudha of the 8th house. The tangible manifestation of an 8th house event — a visible, perceptible disruption, break, or setback. In D10 context: A8 = tangible career break (layoff, forced leave, retirement). (v49)

A10 (Karma Pada) — Arudha of the 10th house. The tangible manifestation of one's career/professional status — the formal job title, the visible work role, the material position in society. (v49)

A5 (Pada of 5th house) — The tangible manifestation of ability and recognition. How others perceive and recognize your talents and skills in the material world. (v49)

A9 (Bhagya Pada) — The tangible manifestation of fortune and luck. Visible, perceptible luck — the "lucky breaks" others can observe. When A9 + A10 are associated = material Raja Yoga in career. (v49)

Trishapada Dasha — A specialized dasha system in which Ketu does NOT have a dasha period (Ketu acts as the overseer). Ketu's results in Trishapada are given by Ketu's lord OR by Rahu (since Rahu "returns the favor" from Ashtottari Dasha where Rahu is the overseer). (v49)

Prashna (Horary Astrology) — The branch of Vedic astrology that answers specific questions by casting a chart for the moment the question is asked (or the moment the astrologer decides to analyze). More intuitive than natal horoscopy; requires the astrologer's own spiritual clarity ("the God within") to work reliably. Prerequisites: Jupiter must aspect/be in the Lagna of the prashna chart; Navamsa Lagna must connect to the querent's natal chart. (v49)

class-50

Bhagya Udaya — "Fortune rising." A year or period when the native's luck, fortune, and dharmic opportunities are at their peak. Indicated when the annual chart's Hora lord (ruler of year) is associated with the 9th house, 9th lord in own sign, or aspecting the Lagna. (v50)

Yamaamsa — Yama's division in D24 (education chart). A planet in Yamaamsa approaches learning with unemotional, duty-bound, cycle-based energy. Willing to undo all previous learning to arrive at truth. Also applied to D10 (Dasamsa) to indicate the attitude toward professional work. (v50)

Vishwakarma Amsha — The divine architect's division in D24. A planet here approaches learning by constructing and synthesizing — putting various pieces of knowledge together to create beautiful comprehensive understanding. Vishwakarma = architect of the gods; associated with divine construction. (v50)

Maya Amsha — The demon architect's division in D24. Similar constructive approach to learning as Vishwakarma, but with an undesirable association (working for demons/asuras). Similar powers but morally compromised direction. (v50)

Moolatrikona — The "root trine" position — a special sign position that is more powerful than the planet's own sign but slightly less than exaltation. Akin to a person being at their own office (dedicated, duty-focused, highly competent) rather than relaxed at home (own sign) or energetically excited (exaltation). (v50)

Vaishya — The merchant/trader varna in the ancient social classification. Mercury and Moon are the vaishya planets: they must maintain friendly relationships with all parties, never taking sides, in order to sustain business relationships. Applied metaphysically: Mercury excels at negotiating deals and maintaining harmony across hostile parties. (v50)

v1 Batch 6 — Classes 51–60

Glossary — Batch 6 (classes 51–60)

Term — Sudarshana Chakra

Source: class-53
Sanskrit: "auspicious/good wheel." The tripod chart system using three simultaneous reference lagnas — natal Lagna (body/ego), Moon (mind), and Sun (soul) — as required by Parashara for complete chart judgment. Each circle is assessed independently; together they provide the full picture of an event.

Term — Sudarshana Chakra Dasha (SCD)

Source: class-53, class-54
A 12-year dasha cycle where Year N = Nth house from the Lagna (and simultaneously from Moon-Lagna and Sun-Lagna). The dasha cycles through houses 1–12, giving 12 years per complete cycle. Antardasha is derived from the position of each year's dasha lord.

Term — Tithi Pravesha

Source: class-51, class-60
"Entry of the tithi." A progressive chart cast for the moment when the natal tithi (lunar day at birth) recurs in a given year. Used as the annual solar/lunar return chart for an individual. The hora lord at the exact moment of the tithi return is the ruler of the coming year.

Term — Hora Lord

Source: class-51, class-59
The planetary ruler of the hora (planetary hour, approximately 60 minutes) at the moment a time cycle begins. Governs the quality of that time cycle — whether a personal year (Tithi Pravesha), a mundane new year, or any inception moment. The hora at the exact astronomical start of the year (not the next sunrise) is the correct reference.

Term — Arudha Pada

Source: class-55, class-57, class-60
The tangible manifestation of a house's significations in the material world. Computed by counting from the house to its lord, then the same number from the lord. An Arudha cannot fall in the same house as its source or in the 7th from it — because "truth (house) and Maya (Arudha) never meet." Houses are intangible (hidden within the person); Arudhas are tangible (what people can actually see, touch, or perceive about those house matters).

Term — Graha Arudha

Source: class-57
The Arudha Pada of a planet — the tangible manifestation of that planet's intelligence and agenda in the material world. Distinct from the Arudha Pada of a house (which reflects the house's significations). Graha Arudha shows how a planet's qualities and intentions visibly express outwardly.

Term — Arudha Lagna (AL)

Source: class-57, class-60
The Arudha Pada of the 1st house — the image of the self as perceived by the world. Lagna = who you truly are; AL = how you express and manifest to the world; how the world sees you. The 5th house from AL = how capable/scholarly the world thinks you are. The 6th house from AL (with malefics) = fighting spirit that appears strong/winning. The 3rd/6th from AL: malefics = fighting hard and winning; benefics = giving up.

Term — Badhakesh / Badhaka

Source: class-56, class-57, class-60
"Troubling lord." The lord of the badhaksthana. For movable signs (Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn): 11th lord. For fixed signs (Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, Aquarius): 9th lord. For dual/mutable signs (Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces): 7th lord. The badhakesh brings inexplicable, hard-to-diagnose problems — physical ailments that cannot be identified, or mental/spiritual obstacles that arise suddenly without apparent physical cause. Associated in classics with problems from spirits or wandering souls.

Term — Maranakara Sthana

Source: class-59
"Death-inflicting house." The one house in which each planet is most uncomfortable and gives its worst results, as if "dying." Sun → 12th house; Moon → 8th house; Mars → 7th house; Mercury → 7th house (per classics); Jupiter → 3rd house; Venus → 6th house; Saturn → 1st house; Rahu → 9th house. Ketu has no Maranakara Sthana — he is indifferent to houses, focused only on moksha.

Term — Maraka / Marakasthana

Source: class-59
"Killer houses/lords." The 2nd and 7th houses are Marakasthanas (death-inflicting stations). The 2nd house is 12th from the 3rd (vitality); the 7th house is 12th from the 8th (longevity). Lords of 2nd and 7th are marakas. Any malefic aspecting or occupying these houses also becomes a maraka. A planet that both has the desire (Graha drishti on 2/7) and the position (Rasi drishti) to afflict these houses is the most effective maraka.

Term — Bhoga

Source: class-60
The experienced result of a dasha-antardasha combination. Computed by: (1) count houses from the Mahadasha lord to the Antardasha lord; (2) count the same number of houses from the Antardasha lord. The house reached is the bhoga — what the native actually experiences during that sub-period, irrespective of the inherent weakness of the Antardasha lord itself.

Term — Profection (Arabic)

Source: class-59
An Arabic astrological progression technique where the Ascendant advances 30 degrees (one sign) per year. Applied by a student to the New Orleans founding chart to identify which sign was activated in the years of major hurricanes (1957, 1965, 2005). The teacher acknowledged this as valid experimental research and noted that the activated sign's lord's placement in the Lunar New Year chart confirmed the destructive pattern.

Term — Chaitra Shukla Pratipada

Source: class-59
The Indian Lunar New Year. Defined as the moment Sun and Moon have an exact conjunction in Pisces — the first tithi (Pratipada) of the Chaitra month (March–April). The chart cast for this moment shows the collective mood and major events for the country during the coming year. The capital city is used as the place of chart erection.

Term — Kartika Shukla Pratipada (Financial New Year)

Source: class-59
The financial new year chart — Sun-Moon conjunction in Libra. Corresponds to Diwali in Gujarat. This chart is specifically suited for predicting economic/business conditions, stock market trends, and financial fortune for the country. Traditional practice: close account books and start fresh on this day. Distinct from the Chaitra lunar new year (which shows general collective mood).

Term — Dusthana

Source: class-59, class-60
The "bad houses" — 6th (disease, enemies, obstacles), 8th (sudden events, death, transformation, hard work), and 12th (loss, expenditure, moksha). Any Arudha falling in a dusthana means the matters of that Arudha manifest with difficulty, opposition, or obstruction. A dusthana lord in another dusthana = Vikrita Raja Yoga.

Term — Vikagamana (Mercury's retrograde)

Source: class-59
One of Mercury's Sanskrit names is Vakrati Vakragamana ("one who repeatedly goes retrograde"). Mercury alternates between direct and retrograde motion as seen from Earth, reflecting his inherently unsteady, vacillating, flexible nature. This is why Mercury takes on the nature of whichever planets he associates with — he has no fixed color of his own.

Term — Graha Drishti vs. Rasi Drishti

Source: class-59
Two fundamentally different aspects. Graha Drishti (planet aspect): reflects the planet's desire to influence a house — all planets naturally aspect the 7th house (their desire); some planets have additional special aspects (Jupiter: 5th/9th; Saturn: 3rd/10th; Mars: 4th/8th). These aspects reflect desire, not guaranteed influence — weaker than Rasi Drishti. Rasi Drishti (sign aspect): reflects positional influence regardless of desire. If a planet is in a sign, it permanently aspects certain other signs based on sign type. Rasi Drishti is a full, permanent influence — stronger than Graha Drishti.

Term — Desha, Kala, Patra

Source: class-60
Three contextual factors for interpreting any astrological combination: Desha = place/culture (what is considered good or bad varies by culture); Kala = time/age (Satya Yuga vs. Kali Yuga; an age of saints vs. an age of kings); Patra = the person's nature and qualifications (what is good for a politician's image may be bad for a saint's image). All Arudha-based judgments are especially relative to these three factors since Arudhas are in the realm of Maya.

v1 Batch 7 — Classes 61–70

Glossary — Batch 7 (v61–v70)

class-61

Dasamsa — D-10 divisional chart; "the professional environment in which your Rashi physical existence is placed." Shows career environment, not the career itself (which is seen from Rashi).

Ghattika Lagna (also Ghatika Lagna) — Lagna derived from the Ghati lord; shows the person's authority and command over others. In Dasamsa, placement in 5th house = executive power.

Bhaga — The degree/house position of an antardasha planet at the time of analysis; its placement relative to the Mahadasha lord's position indicates the flavor of events during that sub-period.

Bandhana Sahama — A special sensitive point (Sahama) in a chart that indicates imprisonment, hospitalization, or confinement when activated.

Viparita Raja Yoga — "Reverse royal yoga"; formed when a dusthana lord (6th/8th/12th lord) occupies another dusthana. Gives unexpected rise through others' crises. Does NOT apply in D-6 or D-30.

class-62

Panchanga — The five limbs of the almanac: Tithi (lunar day), Vara (weekday), Nakshatra (moon's nakshatra), Yoga (lunisolar yoga), and Karana (half-tithi). Each corresponds to a tattva: Tithi = Jal, Vara = Agni, Nakshatra = Vayu, Yoga = Akasha, Karana = Prithvi.

Hora lord — The planet ruling the hour (hora) at a given time; king/ruler of the entire activity started in that hora. Different from Kala lord.

Kala lords — Multiple lords governing general activity appropriateness in a 1.5-hour segment; show overall tone, not the specific outcome.

Satya hora — Hora timing calculated from sunrise. The traditional standard.

Mahakala hora — Hora timing calculated from 6 AM Local Mean Time. Alternative system.

Tribhagi Vimshottari Dasha (Tripartita Vimshottari) — Modified Vimshottari where each of the 27 nakshatras gets 1/3 of its normal dasha period; total = 120 years. Shows the life force (prana vayu) driving the mind, rather than the mind's experience.

Sri Lagna — A sensitive lagna point related to Lakshmi (prosperity). Activated when the Tribhagi progressed Moon contacts it.

Abhijit Muhurta — The moment when the Sun is exactly on the 10th house cusp. The real principle behind "12 o'clock noon is auspicious."

class-63

Prana Vayu — Life force; specifically the upward-moving vital air. Each nakshatra is a "station of prana vayu" — a resting place of the life force as it moves through the zodiac.

Sarvatobhadra Chakra — "All-round wellbeing chart"; uses 28 nakshatras (including Abhijit). Aspects work like a queen in chess: horizontal, vertical, and diagonal. The aspect is called Vedha (purification/piercing).

Vedha — Aspect/piercing in Sarvatobhadra Chakra. A planet or transit "vedhas" (purifies or affects) a point by the queen-like movement across the chakra.

class-64

Manakarka Sthana (Marana Karaka Sthana) — "Death-causing place" for a planet; the house where a planet is most uncomfortable performing its assigned function (karakatwa). Examples: Sun in 12th, Moon in 8th, Mars in 7th, Mercury in 7th, Jupiter in 3rd, Venus in 6th, Saturn in Lagna.

Karyesha — The "lord of the matter in question." 10th lord for career, 7th lord for marriage, 9th lord for dharma, 4th lord for learning, 8th lord for tapasya.

Amatyakaraka — The planet with the second-highest degree in the chart (in Jaimini system); co-ruler of career and soul's path/counsellor.

Simhasana Yoga — Saturn in Cancer Lagna; gives a "throne" — administrative authority and the ability to rule/govern.

class-65

Palana Devata — The "sustaining deity" found by the 6th house from Amatyakaraka in Navamsa; the deity that nourishes and protects the soul.

Dasa Mahavidya — The ten great wisdom forms of the Divine Mother. Planet-to-Mahavidya mapping: Sun=Matangi, Moon=Bhuvaneshvari, Mars=Bagalamukhi, Mercury=Tripurasundari, Jupiter=Tara, Venus=Kamalatmika, Saturn=Kali, Rahu=Chinnamasta, Ketu=Dhumavati, Lagna=Bhairavi.

Tanautana dandahara — Jaimini's phrase meaning "the double punishment house"; refers to the 6th house and 6th from 6th (= 11th) being the most severe for punishment and suffering.

D-11 Rudramsa — Eleventh divisional chart; used for identifying weaknesses, punishments, and the source of compulsive destructive behaviors.

class-66

Rasi drishti (Rashi Drishti) — Sign-based aspect: dual signs aspect all other dual signs; movable signs aspect the quadrants (Kendra) from the adjacent fixed sign; fixed signs aspect the quadrants from the adjacent movable sign.

A6 — Arudha of the 6th house; shows the image of one's enemies, service employment, and competitive position in the world.

A7 — Arudha of the 7th house; shows the image of partnerships and business dealings.

class-68

Upapada Lagna (UL) — Arudha of the 12th house; shows the marriage partner's qualities and the nature of marital unions.

Harsha Yoga — 6th lord in 6th house; makes the person cheerful, able to defeat enemies easily.

Sarala Yoga — 8th lord in 8th house; makes the person straightforward, a natural survivor of crises.

Vimala Yoga — 12th lord in 12th house; makes the person pure, oriented toward moksha.

class-69

Bijakshara — Seed syllable (bija = seed) in Tantric mantras that encodes a specific vibrational energy. Adding a bijakshara to a mantra without guidance from a Siddha tradition is risky — the full effect is unknown.

Siddha mantra — A mantra proven through practice by rishis or siddhas; its effects are known and verified. These are the safe mantras to use.

Sadripus — The six enemies (inner foes): Kama (desire), Krodha (anger), Lobha (greed), Moha (delusion), Mada (arrogance), Matsarya (jealousy). Shown in D-30 (Trimshamsa).

Subconscious evil (Papa Purusha) — The latent evil within a person shown in the D-30 chart; impulses that arise involuntarily, not consciously planned.

Sixty-fourth Navamsa — The Navamsa occupied by the 8th house cusp of a chart. Its lord can kill or give life-threatening suffering. Formula: count 7N+1 Navamsas from the Lagna's Navamsa.

Twenty-second Drekana — The Drekana occupied by the 8th house cusp. Its lord is a strong Maraka (killer). Formula: 7×2+1 = 15? Actually counted as 22 by PVR's method: 2+18+2=22.

Khara point — The exact 8th house cusp degree; shows which planet is the Kharesa (destroyer) in any divisional chart. Named after Khara, a demon general.

Kharesa — Lord of the Dasamsa (or other division) occupied by the 8th house cusp; has an inherent agenda to cause suffering in the area governed by that divisional chart.

class-70

Pranapada Lagna — Expression/manifestation of life force within the person; shows how lively and energetic the person is.

Upapada — Same as UL; shows marriage and serious relationships. If Upapada is in a dry (Ketu Khan = infertile) sign with a weak 2nd lord, marriage may not materialize easily.

Dhurandhara Yoga (also Budha-Aditya variant) — Planets in both the 2nd AND 12th house from Moon simultaneously; very auspicious.

Sukha Sthana — 4th house; house of happiness, comforts, mother, and inner peace.

Mudra — Gesture; also one of the Nityas (divine forms) controlling a city/time period in the Sarvatobhadra-related framework.

Nityas — The 16 daily forms of Lalita/Devi corresponding to the 15 tithis and full moon; each Nitya governs a tithi. In the context of v70, Nityas are said to guard particular cities.

Love marriage indicators — Venus in Lagna, Venus in 6th house, Venus in A7 (Arudha of 7th), A7 in 6th, Moon or Venus in A7: any of these show love marriage.

Foreigner (Rahu-Ketu indicator) — Not merely someone from another country; means someone from a culture significantly different from one's own. Rahu/Ketu association with Upapada or 2nd from UL = breaking cultural barriers in relationship.

v1 Batch 8 — Classes 71–80

Glossary — Batch 8 (Classes 71–80)

A

A4 (Griha Pada): The Arudha of the fourth house. In D4 (Chaturamsha), A4 represents the actual home/residence — its tangible manifestation in society. [Class 72]

A6 (Ari Pada): The Arudha of the sixth house. In D4 context: loans taken for property. In Navamsa context: fights, quarrels, misunderstandings, litigation. [Classes 71, 72, 74]

A7 (Daara Pada): The Arudha of the seventh house. In the context of education: the Arudha of the eleventh house from the relevant education house (e.g., eleventh from ninth = A7 for degree fulfillment). [Class 74]

A8 (Mrityu Pada): The Arudha of the eighth house. In D4: sudden changes in residence, forced moves, windfall property. In D2: sudden financial change (gain or loss). [Classes 72, 75]

A9 (Bhagya Pada): The Arudha of the ninth house. In D4: luck and bhagya in property dealings. In D2: tangible fortune, visible luck. [Classes 72, 75]

A11 (Labha Pada): The Arudha of the eleventh house. In D4: gains from property. In D2: general gains and fulfillment. [Classes 72, 75]

Arudha Lagna (AL): The Arudha (reflection/shadow) of the first house — how the person is perceived by society, tangible social status. [Classes 71-75]

Atmakaraka (AK): The planet with the highest degree in any sign in the birth chart. Represents the soul's primary lesson and desire. Its Navamsa position = Karakamsha/Swamsa. [Classes 74, 77]

Avastha: The state or condition of a planet. One of the four factors determining how a planet gives results in Narayana Dasha (house occupied, yoga, houses owned, own avastha/nature). [Class 72]

B

Bhagya Pada: See A9. [Class 72]

Bhrigu Bindu: The midpoint between the Moon and Rahu in a birth chart. Used in Bhrigu progression technique to time important life events, particularly relationship events. [Class 71]

Bhoga: In Narayana Dasha, the Bhoga of a Dasha sign is calculated by counting the same number of houses from the Antardasha sign as the Antardasha sign is from the Mahadasha sign. The sign thus reached shows where "satisfaction" or "fruits" of the dasha accumulate. [Classes 72, 74]

C

Chara Rashi (Cardinal sign): In Narayana Dasha, Chara signs give their own results in the last one-third of their period. [Classes 72, 74]

Chaturthamsha (D4): See Divisional Charts entry. [Class 72]

Chaturthi Samudricha Dasha: A special Jaimini-style dasha applied to D4 (and other charts). Less reliable than Vimshottari but used as a secondary confirmation. [Classes 73, 74]

Chaturvimshamsha (D24): The 24th harmonic divisional chart for education, learning, and intellectual achievements. [Class 73]

D

Daara Pada: See A7. [Class 74]

Dasha Pravesh Chart: The chart cast for the exact moment when a Narayana Dasha begins. Reveals the quality of events within that Dasha period; the best and worst Antardashas can be identified from this chart. [Class 72]

Dharma Devata: The deity who helps a person fulfill their dharmic purpose. Derived from the ninth house from Atmakaraka in Navamsa. Regular worship of Dharma Devata brings dharmic clarity. [Class 72]

Drekkana (D3): The third harmonic divisional chart for siblings, initiative, and effort. [Class 73]

Dvisvabhava Rashi (Mutable/Dual sign): In Narayana Dasha, Dvisvabhava signs give their own results in the first one-third of their period. Also called Dvishtha Rashi or Dual sign. [Classes 72, 74]

G

Gandanta: Junction point between a water sign and a fire sign in the zodiac (Scorpio-Sagittarius, Cancer-Leo, Pisces-Aries). The last navamsa of the water sign and first navamsa of the fire sign are Gandanta zones. The Scorpio-Sagittarius junction (Jyestha-Moola) is the most severe. [Class 73]

Gatica (Gati, Nalika, Nadi): Traditional Indian time unit = 1/60th of a day = 24 minutes. Vighatica = 1/60th of a Gatica = 24 seconds. Used in Gandanta duration measurement and Gatica Lagna calculations. [Class 73]

Gatica Lagna (VL — Vighatic Lagna): A fast-moving Lagna that changes every 24 minutes (one Gatica), completing five full zodiac circuits per day. Shows each two-hour Hora subdivided into five equal parts. [Class 73]

Gnaathakaraka: The planet that shows the level of suffering/disease at the soul level — related to karma that must be worked through in this lifetime. Often Rahu in standard karakamsha analysis. [Class 76]

Griha Pada: See A4. [Class 72]

Gulika: An upagraha (shadow planet/sub-planet). Son of Saturn. Used specifically in disease diagnosis: Rahu + Gulika in 4th/5th from Swamsa = poison affliction/drug addiction indicator. [Class 80]

I

Ishta Devata: The personal deity most aligned with the soul's journey. Determined from the 12th house from Karakamsha (Atmakaraka's position in Navamsa). Worshipping Ishta Devata gives the deepest spiritual protection. [Classes 72, 79]

J

Jaimini Upadesha Sutras: The primary text of Jaimini astrology, authored by sage Jaimini. The sutras are intentionally encrypted using the Katapayadi numerological system to prevent misuse by unworthy students. [Classes 77, 78, 79, 80]

Jivan Mukta: A liberated being who continues to live in a physical body. Performs all actions without desire or doership. Continues sadhana as dharma without expecting results. [Classes 74, 79]

K

Karakamsha: The position of the Atmakaraka in the Navamsa chart. Also called Swamsa. The lagna of the soul in Navamsa. All Jaimini rules about planets "from Karakamsha" use this as the reference point. [Classes 77, 78, 79, 80]

Karya Bhava: The "relevant house" for a divisional chart — the house that represents the primary purpose of that chart. For Navamsa: seventh house (spouse/marriage). For Dashamsha: tenth house (career). MKS (Marana Karaka Sthana) in vargas is calculated from the Karya Bhava, not from Lagna. [Class 73]

Katapayadi: Ancient Indian numerological system for encoding numbers into Sanskrit syllables. Ka=1, Kha=2, Ga=3, Gha=4, Nga=5, Cha=6, Chha=7, Ja=8, Jha=9, Nya=0; Ta=1, Tha=2, Da=3, Dha=4, Na=5; Pa=1, Pha=2, Ba=3, Bha=4, Ma=5; Ya=1, Ra=2, La=3, Va=4, Sha=5, Sha=6, Sa=7, Ha=8. Vowel-only syllables = 0. Used by Jaimini to hide meanings in sutras; also used to decode planet/rashi from names. [Class 77]

Kuja Dosha (Manglik): Mars affliction when Mars is in first, fourth, seventh, eighth, or twelfth house. Considered to cause marital discord. See Misconceptions — considered overrated. [Class 73]

Kuja Samma: The combination of Mars and Rahu in the same sign. Can indicate explosiveness, accidents, and conflict, but also Raja Yoga between sixth and eighth lords if both are those lords simultaneously. Remedy: Subrahmanya worship. [Classes 71, 72]

Kumbha Vivah: Ritual symbolic marriage to a pot/water vessel (Kumbha) as a remedy for Kuja Dosha. Considered of questionable value since Kuja Dosha itself is overrated. [Class 73]

L

Lagnamsha: The Navamsa rising sign (the sign rising in Navamsa). Distinct from Karakamsha/Swamsa (Atmakaraka's Navamsa position). Both are important reference points in Jaimini analysis. [Class 77]

M

Mandi: An upagraha. Son of Saturn. Sometimes used alongside Gulika. See also: Gulika. [Class 74]

Marana Karaka Sthana (MKS): The house position where a planet is "killed" or extremely weakened. Calculated from the Lagna in Rashi chart and from the Karya Bhava in divisional charts. Different for each planet. [Classes 73, 77]

Mrityu Pada: See A8. [Classes 71, 72]

N

Narayana Dasha: A rashi-based dasha system in Jaimini astrology. Reveals ground reality of events (vs. Vimshottari's emotional/mental reality). Starts from the sign containing the relevant chart's key lord. Three-parts rule determines sub-period timing. [Classes 71, 72, 74, 75]

P

Palana Devata: The sustaining deity — the deity who nourishes the native's path. Derived from the fourth house from Atmakaraka in Navamsa. [Class 72]

Parivartana Yoga: Exchange of signs between two planets (each in the other's sign). Creates a mutual connection and allows each planet to function as if in its own sign. [Classes 72, 73, 74]

Pravarajya Yoga: Renunciation yoga. Multiple planets in a single sign or specific Karakamsha placements (especially Ketu-heavy) indicate a disposition toward renunciation, monasticism, or sannyas. [Class 77]

Pushtodaiya Rashi: In Narayana Dasha, certain signs give results in the last one-third. The signs 1, 2, 4, 9, 10 (Aries, Taurus, Cancer, Sagittarius, Capricorn) are Pushkara/Pushtodaiya Rashis. [Class 74]

S

Sarpa Dosha: Mars + Rahu in certain houses (particularly 1st/4th/7th/8th/12th) creating serpent-affliction; related to Kuja Samma. [Class 71]

Shishva Rashi (Mutable/Dual sign): Another name for Dvisvabhava Rashi. Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces. [Class 76]

Sthira Rashi (Fixed sign): In Narayana Dasha, Sthira signs give their own results in the middle one-third. [Classes 72, 74]

Sutrikamsha (Dasha Pravesh chart): In some transcripts the Dasha Pravesh chart is referred to as Sutrikamsha. [Class 72]

Swamsa: See Karakamsha. The Atmakaraka's position in Navamsa. [Classes 77-80]

T

Tithi Pravesh (Shudi Pravesha): Annual chart cast for the exact moment when the Sun returns to the same degree AND the same tithi (lunar day) as birth. More precise than solar return. Used for yearly predictions. [Class 72]

Trikshodaya Rashi: A category of signs in Narayana Dasha context — signs that give results in the last one-third. Related to Pushtodaiya classification. [Class 74]

U

Upachamsha: Alternative name for Chaturamsha (D4). [Class 72]

Upapada Lagna (UL): The Arudha of the twelfth house. The UL represents the spouse in the birth chart — tangible manifestation of the marital relationship. The second lord from UL brings and sustains marriage. UL in various divisional charts shows marriage-related events in those life areas. [Classes 71, 72, 73, 74]

V

Vastu: The science of directional placement and spatial orientation of homes and buildings. Planet-direction mappings determine auspicious placement of rooms, entrances, etc. [Class 73]

Vighatica: See Gatica. [Class 73]

Vimshottari Dasha: The primary nakshatra-based dasha system using the 120-year cycle. Shows the subjective, emotional, mental reality of events. "Always reliable." [Classes 71-75]

Vimshamsha (D20): The 20th harmonic for spiritual practices and upasana. Shows the quality of a person's spiritual sadhana. [Class 73]

v1 Batch 9 — Classes 81–90

Glossary — Batch 9 (classes 81–90)

class-81 | Argala

Sanskrit: अर्गल
Meaning: "Bolt" or "bar" — the locking/fixing of a house's results through planetary support.
Definition: When planets occupy the 2nd, 4th, 5th, or 11th house from a target house/planet, they form Argala — they intervene to make that house's results drdha (firm/fixed) and ensure the results are given in full.
Opposite: Virodha Argala / Badha (obstruction).

class-81 | Virodha Argala / Badha / Pratibandha

Sanskrit: विरोध अर्गल / बाध / प्रतिबन्ध
Meaning: Obstruction to Argala.
Definition: Planets in the 12th (opposing 2nd Argala), 10th (opposing 4th Argala), 9th (opposing 5th Argala), and 3rd (opposing 11th Argala) obstruct or cancel the Argala from the corresponding position.
Rule: If the number of obstructing planets equals or exceeds the Argala planets in a given position, that Argala is neutralized.

class-81 | Drdha / Sthira (in context of Argala)

Sanskrit: दृढ / स्थिर
Meaning: Firm, fixed, unshakeable.
Context: When Argala is strong (3+ planets), house results become drdha — the results of that house are guaranteed to occur, particularly during the Rashi Dasha Antardasha of the sign containing the Argala planet.

class-81 | Kanishtha / Madhyama / Uttama

Sanskrit: कनिष्ठ / मध्यम / उत्तम
Meaning: Lowest / Middle / Highest.
Context: Parashara's three grades of Argala strength:

• Kanishtha: 1 Argala planet (minimal result)
• Madhyama: 2 Argala planets (medium result)
• Uttama: 3+ Argala planets (full result)

class-81 | Bhagya Udaya

Sanskrit: भाग्य उदय
Meaning: "Fortune rises."
Context: Parashara's term for the result when the 9th house (house of fortune) has a full unobstructed Argala.

class-81 | Nirbala

Sanskrit: निर्बल
Meaning: Powerless, without strength.
Context: If an Argala planet is nirbala (weak — debilitated, in an enemy sign, or defeated in planetary war), its Argala count does not apply (Parashara: "Nirbala sankhya" — do not count the weak planet).

class-82 | Janma Dosha

Sanskrit: जन्म दोष
Meaning: Birth defect/blemish.
Definition: A set of 12 inauspicious conditions at birth that override good planetary placements and require specific Shanti (pacification) rituals before other remedies or predictions.

class-82 | Amavasya

Sanskrit: अमावस्या
Meaning: New moon day (literally "dwelling together" of Sun and Moon — dark moon).
Context: One of the 12 Janma Doshas. Birth on Amavasya requires specific Kalasha shanti on the 21st day.

class-82 | Krishna Chaturdashi

Sanskrit: कृष्ण चतुर्दशी
Meaning: 14th day of the waning fortnight (dark half of the lunar month).
Context: Birth on this tithi is one of the 12 Janma Doshas. Has 6 subdivisions with different negative effects on different family members.

class-82 | Vishti Karana

Sanskrit: विष्टि करण
Meaning: One of the 11 Karanas (half-tithis); considered inauspicious.
Context: Birth during Vishti Karana = Janma Dosha requiring remedy.

class-82 | Tritara Janma

Sanskrit: त्रितार जन्म
Meaning: "Third star birth" — three consecutive generations born in the same nakshatra.
Severity: Extremely severe form of Eka Nakshatra Dosha.

class-82 | Surya Sankranti

Sanskrit: सूर्य संक्रान्ति
Meaning: Solar ingress — the moment the Sun moves from one zodiac sign to the next.
Context: Birth on the day of Surya Sankranti = Janma Dosha.

class-83 | Eka Nakshatra Dosha

Sanskrit: एक नक्षत्र दोष
Meaning: "Same nakshatra defect."
Definition: When two members of the same immediate family (siblings, parent-child) are born in the same nakshatra, one will certainly suffer.

class-82/83 | Shanti

Sanskrit: शान्ति
Meaning: Pacification, appeasement, making peaceful.
Context: Ritual procedure to neutralize a birth dosha. Different Shantis are prescribed for different doshas (Amavasya Shanti, Gandanta Shanti, etc.).

class-83 | Vahni Kona / Agni Kona

Sanskrit: वह्नि कोण / अग्नि कोण
Meaning: Fire corner = Southeast direction.
Context: The correct direction for placing the Kalasha in Amavasya Dosha Shanti (BPHS Chapter 85-86). Often confused with SW (Nairutya kona) — Parashara clearly specifies SE.

class-84 | Abhishekam

Sanskrit: अभिषेक
Meaning: Ritual bathing or anointing.
Context: Used in Gandanta Shanti and Amavasya Shanti — the father, then mother, then baby are bathed with Kalasha water.

class-84 | Kalasha

Sanskrit: कलश
Meaning: Sacred pot/vessel.
Context: Filled with water, set with gems, idols, and sacred branches. Central element in many Shanti rituals. Placement direction is specified by dosha type.

class-84 | Muhurta

Sanskrit: मुहूर्त
Meaning: Auspicious time/moment; electional astrology.
Context: The art of selecting an auspicious time to begin any important activity. In class, discussed in context of using the Muhurta chart as an event chart that generates its own annual Tithi Pravesh charts.

class-84 | Hora Lord

Sanskrit: होरा स्वामी
Meaning: Lord of the planetary hour at the moment of the Tithi Pravesh.
Context: The Hora Lord is the "ruler of the year" in the Tithi Pravesh chart. Often the most powerful planet for delivering that year's events, even if it does not have the strongest Argala.

class-85/87 | Sayanadi Avasthas

Sanskrit: शयनादि अवस्था
Meaning: "Beginning with Sayana" — the states starting from resting/sleeping.
Definition: Ten (or eleven) states of planetary activity that modify the nature and timing of a planet's Dasha results.
The states: Sayana, Upavesana, Netrapani, Prakasana, Gamana, Agamana, Sabha, Bhojana, Vrichalipsa, Kautuka, Nidra.

class-86 | Bhutagni

Sanskrit: भूताग्नि
Meaning: "Elemental fire" — the subtle fire residing within the five elements.
Context: Daily homam kindles the Bhutagni, which purifies the subtle body (sukshma sharira) and amplifies all other spiritual practices.

class-87 | Papakartari

Sanskrit: पापकर्तरी
Meaning: "Evil scissors" — affliction by malefics on both sides.
Definition: A planet or house hemmed between malefic planets (one in the preceding house, one in the following house). The sandwiched planet's significations are suppressed or twisted.

class-88 | Kendradhipati Dosha

Sanskrit: केन्द्राधिपति दोष
Meaning: Defect of owning a Kendra (quadrant house).
Definition: Natural benefic planets (Moon, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus) that own Kendra houses become functionally malefic. Their benefic nature is diluted by the demands of Kendra ownership.

class-88 | Neechabhanga

Sanskrit: नीच भंग
Meaning: "Cancellation of debilitation."
Definition: When the weakness of a debilitated planet is neutralized by specific conditions: retrograde motion, exaltation in Navamsa, or the exalting/owning planet of that sign being in a Kendra from Lagna or Moon.

class-89 | Nirbala Sankhya

Sanskrit: निर्बल संख्या
Meaning: "Weak count" — the count of a powerless entity.
Context: Parashara's rule: a nirbala planet's Argala should not be counted (it does not affect the total Argala strength).

class-90 | Gandanta

Sanskrit: गण्डान्त
Meaning: "End of group" (Ganda = danger zone; Anta = end).
Definition: The junction points between water signs (Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces) and fire signs (Leo, Sagittarius, Aries) in the nakshatra, tithi, and lagna systems. Three types: Nakshatra Gandanta, Tithi Gandanta, Lagna Gandanta.

class-90 | Ghatika

Sanskrit: घटिका
Meaning: Unit of time = 24 minutes (1/60th of a day).
Context: Used to measure Gandanta duration: typically 2 ghatikas (~48 minutes / ~26 arc min of Moon) on each side of a Gandanta boundary.

class-81 | Tamo Graha

Sanskrit: तमो ग्रह
Meaning: Tamasic planet (dark/inert quality).
Context: Rahu and Ketu are Tamo Grahas — hence their Argala and Badha behavior is reversed from the other planets. Parashara: "Tamo grahach ya teyathmi" (approximately — "for the dark-natured planets [the rule is reversed]").

class-89 | Dhimanta

Sanskrit: धीमन्त
Meaning: "Possessing intelligence/wisdom" (dhī = intellect, manta = possessed of).
Context: The Dhimanta Yoga combines the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 6th lords in connection to indicate exceptional intelligence.

class-82 | Abhisheka Mantra (Savita / Apyayasva)

Savita mantra: Vedic mantra for the Sun (Savita aspect of the Sun), used in solar worship and Amavasya Shanti.
Apyayasva mantra: Vedic mantra for the Moon — for filling, completion, nourishment (from Apyayasva = "please fill up/nourish"). Used in Amavasya Shanti.

v1 Batch 10 — Classes 91–100

Glossary — Batch 10 (classes 91–100)

Term — Abhuta Moola Shanti

Devanagari: अभूत मूल शान्ति Source: class-91, class-92 Literal: "Unusual/inauspicious Moola pacification" In astrology: The shanti ritual prescribed for a baby born in Moola nakshatra; specifically the first ghatika (24 minutes) of Moola is the most severe; inauspicious for the father-in-law Context: BPHS Chapters 93–96 (Santhanam numbering)

Term — Adhidevata

Devanagari: अधिदेवता Source: class-91, class-92 Literal: "Higher deity" / "overseeing deity" In astrology: The secondary divine authority associated with a nakshatra or planet; the deity to whom one prays when seeking protection from that nakshatra's inauspicious energy. For Moola: Indra; for Jyeshtha: Agni Context: Tripartite deity system for nakshatras: primary deity (devata), adhidevata (higher), pratyardhidevata/pratyahidevata (counter/opposing)

Term — Ahamkara

Devanagari: अहंकार Source: class-92, class-94 Literal: "I-maker" / ego-principle In astrology: Per BPHS Ch.1 cosmology, Ahamkara (ego/individuation) arises from Pradyumna (the Rajas Vyuha). It is the cosmic principle of individual identity — the force that makes one identify as a separate self Context: Srishti (creation) cosmology: Pradyumna → Ahamkara; Aniruddha (Sattva) → Brahma; the three Shaktis → four Vyuhas → creation

Term — Akhilam

Devanagari: अखिलम् Source: class-100 Literal: "Everything; entirety; all without exception" In astrology: Used in the key Parashara verse "Shashtiamsha akhilam ikshayet" — "In Shashtiamsha, may astrologers see everything." This single word establishes D60 as the supreme divisional chart Context: BPHS verse on divisional charts and their respective domains

Term — Apoklima

Devanagari: अपोक्लिम Source: class-95 Literal: From Greek apokleima (cadent) In astrology: Houses 3, 6, 9, 12 — the cadent houses; weakest positions for planets; planets in apoklimas have reduced ability to support the Lagna. If all planets are in apoklimas, the chart has no strong angular or succedent support = very weak overall Context: Arista assessment: "all planets in Apoklimas + weak" = severe Bala Arista combination

Term — Argala

Devanagari: अर्गल Source: class-93, class-97 Literal: "Bolt; latch; intervention" In astrology: A special planetary influence where planets in certain positions (2nd, 4th, 5th, 11th from a reference point) intervene and either support (positive argala) or obstruct (negative argala — from 3rd, 12th, 10th). Used in Narayana Dasha's three-part soul rule Context: Part 3 of the Narayana Dasha three-part soul rule: argalas on a sign contribute to that sign's dasha results

Term — Arista

Devanagari: अरिष्ट Source: class-95, class-96, class-97 Literal: "Calamity; evil; bad omen" In astrology: Specific natal chart combinations indicating potential early death or severe suffering, especially for infants (Bala Arista). BPHS Chapter 9 = Arista Adhyaya, listing 45+ such combinations Context: Must always be evaluated alongside Arista Bhanga (cancellations)

Term — Arista Bhanga

Devanagari: अरिष्ट भङ्ग Source: class-98 Literal: "Breaking of calamity; cancellation of evil combinations" In astrology: Nine conditions (BPHS Ch.10) that cancel or mitigate Arista combinations. The word "bhanga" = breaking/shattering Context: Class-98 details all nine Arista Bhanga conditions

Term — Arudha Pada

Devanagari: आरूढ पद Source: class-99, class-100 Literal: "Risen word/foot; that which has mounted/appeared" In astrology: The tangible, external manifestation of a house or planet. Computed by counting from the house/planet to its lord and then an equal distance from there. Arudha = "the risen one" — what has manifested tangibly in the world Context: Bhava (intangible) vs Pada (tangible) is PVR's fundamental epistemological insight in class-99 and 100

Term — Ayanamsha

Devanagari: अयनांश Source: class-99 Literal: "Ayana + amsha" = solstice portion; the difference between tropical and sidereal zodiac In astrology: The angular difference between the tropical (moving) and sidereal (fixed-star) zodiac. Currently ~24°. Different schools use different values: Lahiri (~23°51'), Pushpaksha (PVR's current preference, ~21°46'?), Surya Siddhanta Context: PVR's ayanamsha journey: Lahiri → Surya Siddhanta experiment → Pushpaksha; Lahiri = political construct (Nehru-Lahiri friendship; Spica placed at 0° Libra by government decree)

Term — Bala Arista

Devanagari: बाल अरिष्ट Source: class-95, class-96, class-97 Literal: "Child's calamity" In astrology: Natal chart combinations specifically threatening infant mortality; the subject of BPHS Chapter 9 (Arista Adhyaya) Context: The 45+ combinations assessed using bala viveka (strength-based severity judgment)

Term — Bala Viveka

Devanagari: बाल विवेक Source: class-97 Literal: "Child discernment / strength discernment" In astrology: The practice of using the overall strength of the chart to determine whether an Arista combination results in actual death vs. merely suffering. "Bala" here = strength; "viveka" = discrimination Context: Class-97: "bala viveka = decide death vs suffering by strength"

Term — Bhava

Devanagari: भाव Source: class-99, class-100 Literal: "Meaning; feeling; existence; state of being" In astrology: The house itself, representing intangible inner circumstances and environments — things that are real but not externally visible or tangible. Distinct from Pada (Arudha Pada = tangible external manifestation) Context: PVR's key realization: Bhava = meaning (intangible); Pada = word/tangible manifestation

Term — Gandanta

Devanagari: गण्डान्त Source: class-91, class-92 Literal: "Ganda + anta" — knot at the end; inauspicious junction In astrology: The three zodiac junctions between water signs (Pisces/Cancer/Scorpio) and fire signs (Aries/Leo/Sagittarius). These are unstable, inauspicious transition zones. Birth in Gandanta requires specific shanti rituals Context: Three Gandantas: Pisces-Aries (Revati-Ashwini), Cancer-Leo (Ashlesha-Magha), Scorpio-Sagittarius (Jyeshtha-Moola)

Term — Jivaamsha

Devanagari: जीवांश Source: class-92, class-94 Literal: "Portion of the individual soul (Jiva)" In astrology: The conditioned individual consciousness within every being; subject to karma, birth, death, suffering, and liberation. Shown in the natal chart through the Lagna and its conditions Context: Contrasted with Paramatmaamsha (divine portion) — every being contains both

Term — Kendra

Devanagari: केन्द्र Source: class-95, class-98 Literal: From Greek kentron (center); angular house In astrology: Houses 1, 4, 7, 10 — the four angular/cardinal houses; strongest positions for planets; critical in Arista Bhanga: "one of Jupiter/Mercury/Venus in kendra" = primary antidote Context: Contrast with Panaphara (succedent: 2/5/8/11) and Apoklima (cadent: 3/6/9/12)

Term — Kshetra Chakra

Devanagari: क्षेत्र चक्र Source: class-100 Literal: "Field chart / body chart" In astrology: Parashara's actual name for the Rashi (birth) chart; "kshetra" = field/body; Parashara never called it "Rashi Chakra" — that is a later corruption Context: "Kshetra dehasya vijnanam" = "In Kshetra, get knowledge of the body" — establishing D1 as the chart of physical existence

Term — Mayapitham

Devanagari: मायापीठम् Source: class-99 Literal: "Seat of illusion/maya" In astrology: The Arudha Lagna — the seat from which illusion/perception operates; shows how the world perceives the native, which may be entirely different from their actual nature Context: Contrasted with Sachapitham (Lagna = seat of truth); key Jaimini concept

Term — Mritadhanam

Devanagari: मृतधनम् Source: class-98 Literal: "Wealth from the dead" In astrology: Inherited wealth, legacies, insurance; listed under 8th house in BPHS Ch.11 Context: 8th house significations include mritadhanam alongside longevity, war, hidden things

Term — Panaphara

Devanagari: पणफर Source: class-95 Literal: From Greek panaphoron (succedent) In astrology: Houses 2, 5, 8, 11 — the succedent houses; moderate strength; between angular (kendra) and cadent (apoklima) Context: Arista assessment uses the apoklima/panaphara/kendra framework to evaluate chart strength

Term — Paramatmaamsha

Devanagari: परमात्मांश Source: class-92, class-94 Literal: "Portion of the Supreme Soul (Paramatma)" In astrology: The divine/unconditioned consciousness within every being; the witness-self that is never born and never dies; explains individual variation in chart response — more evolved souls (greater Paramatmaamsha awakening) respond differently to identical chart positions Context: Contrasted with Jivaamsha

Term — Poornahuti

Devanagari: पूर्णाहुति Source: class-93 Literal: "Complete/full offering" In astrology: The final, complete oblation into the fire at the end of a homa ritual, symbolizing total surrender and completion of the sacrifice Context: Required in Tritiya Janma Shanti after Srishtakrutham

Term — Pratyardhidevata / Pratyahidevata

Devanagari: प्रत्यर्धिदेवता Source: class-91, class-92 Literal: "Counter/opposing deity" In astrology: The adversarial divine force associated with a nakshatra — the energy that opposes or challenges. For Jyeshtha: Rakshasa; for Moola: Jala devata (water, opposing the fire of Sagittarius) Context: Part of the tripartite nakshatra deity system

Term — Sachapitham

Devanagari: सचापीठम् Source: class-99 Literal: "Seat of truth/reality" In astrology: The Lagna (Ascendant) — shows the real, inner nature of the person; the actual truth of their character and existence Context: Contrasted with Mayapitham (Arudha Lagna); PVR describes this as a fundamental Jaimini principle

Term — Sandhya

Devanagari: संध्या Source: class-95 Literal: "Junction; twilight; the joining period" In astrology: The 72-minute period (3 ghatikas) immediately before sunrise AND immediately after sunset; birth in Sandhya is inauspicious (one of the Arista combinations in BPHS Ch.9). Defined by the center of the Sun's disc at the horizon Context: One ghatika = 24 minutes; three ghatikas = 72 minutes = Sandhya duration

Term — Sanchita Karma

Devanagari: सञ्चित कर्म Source: class-100 Literal: "Accumulated karma" In astrology: The total accumulated karma from all past lives. Only a portion can be burned in heavens/hells between lives; the remaining portion that must be experienced on Earth is what D60 (Shashtiamsha) shows Context: D60 = sanchita karma to be experienced in this birth specifically

Term — Skandha

Devanagari: स्कन्ध Source: class-94 Literal: "Branch; trunk; section" In astrology: The three branches of Jyotisha: Hora (predictive), Ganitam (astronomical), Samhita (mundane/muhurta) Context: Class-94 discusses the three skandhas in the context of Jyotisha's comprehensive scope

Term — Srishtakrutham

Devanagari: सृष्टकृतम् Source: class-93 Literal: "That which was created; creation-mantra" In astrology: A specific mantra recitation in the Tritiya Janma Shanti ritual, invoking the creation process to re-bless the family and the child Context: Recited before Poornahuti in the Tritiya Janma Shanti

Term — Sutaka

Devanagari: सूतक Source: class-93, class-94 Literal: "Birth impurity period" In astrology: The ritual impurity period following childbirth. Duration varies by varna: Brahmin = 11 days; others = 21 days. Shanti rituals are typically performed after this period ends Context: Timing of Tritiya Janma and Prasava Vikara shantis

Term — Vimshapaka Bala

Devanagari: विंशपाक बल Source: class-100 Literal: "Strength of twenty" In astrology: A system of assessing overall planetary strength by scoring a planet's position across multiple divisional charts, with a maximum of 20 points. Each divisional chart contributes a specific number of points based on its importance Context: In Dasa Varga (most important for normal humans): D1=3pts, D9=1.5pts, D60=5pts; total scheme adds up to 20 points

Term — Vyuha

Devanagari: व्यूह Source: class-92, class-94 Literal: "Formation; array; manifestation" In astrology: The four cosmic manifestations of Vishnu (per Pancharatra/Vaishnava cosmology cited in BPHS): Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna, Aniruddha. From these four, the entire creation proceeds Context: BPHS Ch.1 Srishti cosmology

📗 v2 Series — 99 classes

v2 Batch 1 — Classes 01–10

Glossary — Batch 1 (Classes 01–10)

Adhimitra — "Best friend" in planetary relationship hierarchy. The strongest level of friendship between two planets (beyond Mitra/friend and Samadhi/neutral). An Adhimitra planet fully cooperates with and enhances the other's agenda. Example: Mars and Sun are Adhimitras. (class-10)

Adhisatru — "Greatest enemy" — the strongest level of enmity between planets. Temporary enmity combined with natural enmity. Example: Rahu and Sun are Adhisatrus. (class-10)

Agami Badha — "Future obstruction" — disease or harm caused by the 6th house lord's affliction (as opposed to Nija Badha from the 8th lord). When the 6th lord is the cause, look at the house the 6th lord occupies to determine the body part affected. (class-10)

Akshaya Tritiya — "Inexhaustible Third" — the 3rd tithi of Shukla Paksha in Vaishakha month (April/May). One of the three "Sade Muhurta" days that are inherently auspicious; any action begun on this day will flourish and grow without decline. (class-07)

Anantamsa — A specific Vaiseshikamsa level (one of the 16 gradations of planetary strength in a divisional chart) associated with spiritual enlightenment. "Anta" = end/spiritual; Anantamsa indicates potential for spiritual liberation via the karma of that divisional chart's domain. (class-07)

Antardasha — "Inner period" — the sub-period within a major Mahadasha in Vimshottari or other dasha systems. Each Mahadasha is divided into Antardashas of all 9 planets (in Vimshottari), proportional to their total years. (class-07)

Argala — "Intervention" or "bolt" — a planetary intervention from specific houses (2nd, 4th, 5th, 11th) relative to a reference point. The intervening planet "feeds" or "blocks" the reference point's results depending on whether it is auspicious or inauspicious. (class-01, class-10)

Arudha Pada — The "tangible reflection" or "mirror image" of a house in the material world. Calculated by counting from the lord of a house to that lord's position, then counting the same distance again. Arudha Lagna (AL) = Arudha of 1st house = social image; A7 (Darapada) = tangible partnerships; UL (Upapada Lagna) = Arudha of 12th = actual marriage/relationship manifestation. (class-01, class-10)

Avastha — "State" or "condition" of a planet. Five avasthas: (1) Balavastha (infancy — weak, immature), (2) Kumaravastha (adolescent — partial), (3) Yuvavastha (youth — full strength), (4) Vruddhavastha (old age — weakened), (5) Mritavastha (dead — significations die). (class-02)

Badhakasthana — "Obstruction house" — the house that creates the most persistent, hardest-to-remove obstacles for a lagna. Position: 9th house for moveable/cardinal signs (Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn); 11th house for fixed signs (Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, Aquarius); 7th house for dual/mutable signs (Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces). The lord of the Badhakasthana is the Badhakesha — a special malefic for that lagna. (class-10)

Bhaga — "Lot of Fortune" — the Arabic Lot of Fortune adapted in Jyotish. Calculated as: Lagna + Moon – Sun (for day charts; reverse for night charts in some traditions). Its house position shows where fortune accumulates; aspects to it show who contributes to or takes away fortune. (class-07, class-10)

BPHS — Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra — the foundational text of Parasari Jyotish, attributed to Maharishi Parasara. PVR studies it in Santanam's translation. (throughout)

Brahma Karakas — Natural (Naisargika) karakas associated with the creative aspect of existence. Sun = soul/father, Moon = mind/mother, Mars = brothers, Mercury = maternal relatives, Jupiter = children/teachers, Venus = spouse, Saturn = death/longevity. These are "Brahma-ruled" because they govern the initial creation of things in one's life. (class-01)

Chaturthamsa (D4) — The fourth divisional chart, dividing each sign into 4 parts of 7°30' each. Used specifically for fixed assets, land, property, house, vehicles — all fourth house matters. (class-04, class-08)

Chara Dasha — Jaimini's sign-based dasha system using variable durations based on the number of planets in each sign and their dispositors. Used for major timing of events in Jaimini astrology. (class-07)

Chara Karaka — "Moveable significator" — Jaimini's system of 7 (or 8) karakas determined by the actual degree each planet occupies in its sign. Changes from chart to chart, unlike Sthira (fixed) karakas. (class-07, class-10)

Combustion — A planet that comes too close to the Sun (within a certain degree threshold per planet) loses its strength and becomes "combust" (asta). A combust planet cannot fully deliver its significations. The 2nd lord combust → poverty. (class-01)

Dasha — "Period" or "planetary period" — the time-lord system that activates specific planets and their significations during specific life phases. The most commonly used is Vimshottari Dasha. (throughout)

Dashamsha (D10) — The tenth divisional chart, dividing each sign into 10 parts of 3° each. Used for career, profession, worldly achievement, and public life analysis. (class-04, class-10)

Dattaputra Yoga — "Yoga of the adopted child" — specific astrological combinations indicating the native will raise an adopted child rather than (or in addition to) biological children. (class-05)

Devata — "Deity" — any of the Hindu gods/goddesses. In Jyotish context, the deity associated with a planet or house for remedial purposes. PVR distinguishes Ishta Devata (deity for liberation), Palana Devata (deity for sustenance), and situational devatas for specific desires. (class-07, class-10)

Drekkana (D3) — The third divisional chart, dividing each sign into three parts of 10° each. Used for analysis of co-borns (siblings), courage, initiative, short journeys, and past-life karma related to siblings. (class-07)

Drig Saptadasha — Special 72-year dasha system analyzed in the Rasi chart. Different from Narayana Dasha; used for major life phases and spiritual growth timelines. (class-07, class-08)

Drik Dasha — Same as Drig Saptadasha; "Drik" = "vision" in Sanskrit. (class-07)

Drekkana Amsha — The specific part (amsha) within the Drekkana chart. Anantamsa within Drekkana = spiritual enlightenment potential. (class-07)

Dusthana — "Bad place" — the 6th, 8th, and 12th houses. Planets in dusthanas, and the lords of dusthanas, bring difficulties, diseases, obstacles, losses. (throughout)

Functional Malefic/Benefic — Unlike natural malefics/benefics (fixed), these are lagna-specific classifications. A planet becomes a functional malefic if it owns dusthana houses (3rd, 6th, 11th) or — per Kendradhipati Dosha — if it's a natural benefic owning a kendra. Classification system per Parasara. (class-10)

Gandanta — "Knot at the end" — the transition zones between water signs (Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces) and fire signs (Aries, Leo, Sagittarius) in terms of nakshatra boundaries. Three Gandanta zones: Revati→Ashwini, Aslesha→Magha, Jyeshtha→Mula. Planets here are in intense karmic zones — can mean either severe suffering or deep spiritual transformation. (class-07)

Gochara — "Transit" — the current movement of planets through signs relative to the natal chart. Used for timing along with dasha analysis. "Gochara and his chart" = applying transit analysis to the natal chart. (class-10)

Gopuramsa — A Vaiseshikamsa level above Paravatamsa. Shows significant elevation of the planet's quality; results become more distinguished and public. (class-01)

Gulika — One of the Upagrahas (shadow planets) — a specific calculated point associated with Saturn. There is controversy over whether Gulika and Mandi are the same or different points. PVR maintains they may be slightly different calculations but are both "sons of Saturn." In lagna: causes karmic affliction patterns. (class-05, class-10)

Hora — (1) "Hour" — a specific division of time governed by a planetary ruler, used in timing analysis; (2) the Hora chart (D2), dividing each sign into two halves for wealth analysis. In Tithi Pravesh annual charts, the Hora lord at the birth moment rules the entire year. (class-10)

Ishta Devata — "Desired deity" — the personal deity who guides the soul toward moksha (liberation). Determined from: 12th house from Atmakaraka in Navamsa → lord of that house = the Ishta Devata indicator. The deity worshiped in past lives for spiritual progress; most conducive for spiritual sadhana in this life. (class-07, class-10)

Jatakapadiya — A classical Jyotish text (by Vaidyanatha Dikshita or another author) that PVR references for specific rules. "According to Jatakapadiya, the 9th house is Manakarka sthana" for a specific analysis. (class-10)

Kama Trikona — "Triangle of desires" — the 3rd, 7th, and 11th houses, collectively governing desire, relationships, and fulfillment of desires. A planet connecting multiple Kama Trikona houses becomes a key planet for desires and worldly fulfillment. (class-10)

Karaka — "Significator" — a planet that naturally signifies certain life areas. Two types: (1) Naisargika/Sthira (fixed, same for all charts) and (2) Chara (variable, based on degrees). (throughout)

Kendradhipati Dosha — The "dosha (flaw) of owning a kendra" — specifically applied to natural benefics. When Jupiter, Venus, Mercury, or waxing Moon owns a kendra (1,4,7,10), they lose their benefic quality and become functional malefics for that lagna. (class-10)

Kubera Amsha — A Vaiseshikamsa gradation indicating wealth-mindedness and financial orientation. Planets in Kubera Amsha show money-getting motivations and financial gains. "He shows basically money, money-mindedness. Working for money and getting money." (class-10)

Lagna — "Ascendant" — the rising sign at the moment of birth; the 1st house cusp. The most important reference point in the chart. (throughout)

Mandi — One of the Upagrahas (shadow planets), associated with Saturn. The exact calculation is debated: some say Mandi = Saturn's portion in the day divided into 8 equal parts, with Saturn's portion being the 8th; others equate it with Gulika. Mandi in lagna indicates karmic burdens and afflictions, especially related to children and health. (class-05, class-10)

Manakarka Sthana — Per Jatakapadiya, the 9th house is called "Manakarka sthana" (house of honor/respect). "Twelfth lord in the 9th house = Manakarka sthana according to Jatakapadiya. The 12th house basically suffers — some losses will be avoided." (class-10)

Moolatrikona — "Root triangle" — the most important sign for each planet (distinct from own sign, slightly less strong than exaltation but stronger than own sign for expressing the planet's core nature). Sun: Leo (0°–20°); Moon: Taurus; Mars: Aries; Mercury: Virgo (15°–20°); Jupiter: Sagittarius; Venus: Libra; Saturn: Aquarius. (class-04)

Mritavastha — "Dead state" — one of the five avasthas; the worst condition a planet can be in. A planet in Mritavastha kills what it signifies. Caused by: deep debilitation, strong combustion, or placement in a hostile sign without any redeeming factors. (class-02, class-03)

Mukti / Moksha — Liberation from the cycle of birth and death. 12th house matters; Ketu and the 12th lord are its karakas. Vimshamsha (D20) shows the spiritual path to moksha. (class-07)

Narayana Dasha — Sign-based dasha system developed by Parasara; one of the most important predictive tools per PVR. Signs serve as time-lords; each sign's dasha period delivers the results of that sign's house, occupants, and lord. (class-06, class-07)

Nija Badha — "Own obstruction" — disease or harm caused by the 8th house lord's affliction. When the 8th lord is the cause, look at the natural zodiac sign it occupies to determine the body part affected. (class-10)

Paksha — "Fortnight" — refers to the lunar half-month. Shukla Paksha (waxing Moon, 1st–15th tithi) and Krishna Paksha (waning Moon, 1st–15th tithi from full moon). The Moon's Paksha determines whether it is naturally benefic (Shukla) or malefic (Krishna). (class-10)

Palana Devata — "Sustaining deity" — the deity who protects and sustains the native's worldly life (career, relationships, resources). Determined from: 6th lord from Amatyakaraka in Navamsa. (class-10)

Paravatamsa — A Vaiseshikamsa level indicating travel, trade, and acquiring resources from wide regions. From "Paravata" (pigeon/traveler). (class-01)

Parasara — Maharishi Parasara — the sage credited with authoring BPHS (Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra), the foundational text of Jyotish. PVR's parampara traces back to Parasara's teachings. (throughout)

Parivartana — "Exchange" or "mutual reception" — when planet A is in B's sign and planet B is in A's sign. Creates a strong link between the two planets; they exchange qualities and results. Parivartana of dusthana lords can create Viparita Raja Yoga. (class-06, class-10)

Pravraja Yoga — "Yoga of renunciation" — a combination indicating the native will renounce worldly life and take to sannyasa or deep spiritual practice. Key indicators: strong 8th house, Saturn/Ketu affliction to lagna, Moon+lagna lord both heavily afflicted. (class-07)

Pratyantar Dasha — "Sub-sub-period" within Vimshottari — the third level of subdivision (Mahadasha → Antardasha → Pratyantar Dasha). Used for very fine timing, though PVR notes it becomes "more unreliable" at this level. (class-10)

Putra Karaka (PK) — Jaimini's 5th Chara Karaka (5th-highest degree planet). Signifies children and also fame/followers. (class-10)

Raja Yoga — "Royal yoga" — a combination producing success, authority, and recognition. Most commonly: a trikona lord + kendra lord in conjunction, mutual aspect, or parivartana. (class-07, class-10)

Rasi Drishti — "Sign aspect" — Jaimini's system where signs (not planets) aspect other signs. All moveable signs aspect all fixed signs (except adjacent ones); all fixed signs aspect all dual signs; etc. Used for analyzing Arudha Padas and in Chara Dasha. (class-07)

Sade Muhurta — "Six Muhurtas" — actually refers to specific days that are inherently auspicious without requiring muhurta calculation. The three most famous: Akshaya Tritiya, Vijayadashami (Dussehra), and Gudi Padwa. (class-07)

Sankalpa — "Resolve" or "intention" — the specific prayer intention stated before performing a mantra or ritual. PVR emphasizes: ask for one specific thing (e.g., "Putra Saukhya Artham" = for the purpose of happiness from children). Do not mix multiple requests. (class-10)

Saptamsa (D7) — The seventh divisional chart. Used for children, grandchildren, fertility, and procreative happiness. (class-07, class-10)

Sarpa Yoga — "Serpent yoga" — a combination involving malefics in all or most kendras, associated with a snake-curse or severe persistent obstacles. Debate between Parasara's and Sanjayji's interpretations of the exact combination. (class-06)

Simhasanamsa — "Lion-throne amsha" — a high Vaiseshikamsa gradation indicating great authority and public recognition. Above Gopuramsa in the hierarchy. (class-01, implied)

Sthira Karaka — "Fixed significator" — natural karakas that remain constant regardless of chart. Three types per PVR: Brahma karakas (for creation), Vishnu karakas (for sustenance), Shiva karakas (for death/dissolution). (class-01)

Tithi Pravesh — "Entry on the Tithi" — the annual chart in Jyotish. The moment each year when the same tithi (lunar day) and paksha as the birth recurs. The rising sign at that moment is the annual lagna. Used for timing yearly events. (class-04, class-06, class-07, class-10)

Upagrahas — "Sub-planets" — calculated points (not actual planets) derived from planetary positions. Main ones: Gulika/Mandi (Saturn's sons), Kala (Sun's portion), Mrityu (Mars's), Yamaghantaka (Jupiter's), Ardhaprahara (Mercury's). (class-05, class-10)

UL (Upapada Lagna) — Arudha of the 12th house. Shows the tangible manifestation of marriage/long-term partnership — who actually becomes the spouse in the material world. Affliction to UL → troubled marriage. (class-01, class-10)

Vaiseshikamsa — The system of gradations of planetary strength based on divisional chart positions. Hierarchy (ascending): Parijatamsa → Uttamamsa → Goparamsa → Simhasanamsa → Paravatamsa → Devalokamsa → Brahmalokasamsa → Shaktipeethamsa → etc. (class-01)

Varottama — "Best position" — when a planet (or the lagna) is in the same sign in both D1 and D9 (Navamsa). Extremely strong; lagna being Varottama triggers use of Chatardasha instead of Vimshottari. (class-10)

Viparita Raja Yoga — "Reverse royal yoga" — when dusthana lords (6th, 8th, 12th) occupy dusthanas or exchange with each other. Apparent misfortune becomes fortune; adversity becomes strength. Three types: Sarala (8th lord in 6th/12th), Vimala (12th lord in 6th/8th), Aksha (6th lord in 8th/12th). (class-10)

Vimshottari — The 120-year nakshatra-based dasha system, the most widely used in Jyotish. Sequence: Ketu(7) → Venus(20) → Sun(6) → Moon(10) → Mars(7) → Rahu(18) → Jupiter(16) → Saturn(19) → Mercury(17). (throughout)

Vimshamsha (D20) — The twentieth divisional chart. Used for spiritual progress, sadhana, upasana (worship practices), and religious life. The deity shown here is the Ishta Devata for spiritual growth. (class-07)

v2 Batch 2 — Classes 11–20

Glossary – Batch 2 (Classes v11–v20)

Ashtakavarga

• class:: v20
• A point-based system for assessing planetary strength in transit
• Each planet contributes points to each sign (0-8 per sign); total of all planets = Sarvashktakavarga
• High scores in 9th, 10th, 11th houses indicate overall luck and worldly success

Atimitra

• class:: v18, v19
• "Great friend" — 9th Tara in the Tara compatibility cycle; most auspicious Tara relationship
• See: Tara

Atmakaraka

• class:: v14
• The planet at the highest degree in the natal chart (excluding Rahu and Ketu)
• Represents the soul's primary lesson and evolutionary purpose in this incarnation
• Key for determining Ishta Devata and spiritual orientation

Balonaschet / Balona

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit: "without strength" — a planet that is weak
• "Una" = less/without; "bala" = strength; "balonaschet" = if the planet lacks strength
• Used in BPHS context: "karmadhipo balonaschet" = if the 10th lord is weak

Bhagya

• class:: v18, v19
• Sanskrit for "fortune" or "luck"
• 9th house = Bhagya bhava (house of fortune)
• D4 (Chaturthamsa) is also called the chart for Bhagya in some references

Bhouma

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit name for Mars; derived from "Bhu" (earth) — Mars rules over earth/land/property
• Used in BPHS verses: "Manda Bhouma" = Saturn (Manda) and Mars (Bhouma)

Chaturdashi

• class:: v15
• The 14th day of the lunar fortnight (Tithi)
• Krishna Chaturdashi = 14th day of dark fortnight → Moon is nearly new; Moon = natural malefic in this chart

Chaturasi Sama Dasha

• class:: v15
• A Jaimini-style dasha system with 84-year cycle
• Each sign = 7 years
• Applicable when 10th lord is in 10th house

Dasha Pravesh Chakra

• class:: v12
• The annual chart / solar return — drawn when the Sun returns to its natal degree each year
• Used for annual predictions; also called "Varsha Pravesh Chakra"
• Contains Nirvikalpa Samadhi indicator pattern (v12)

Dhatu

• class:: v15, v16
• Sanskrit: "tissue" or "fundamental substance"
• The seven body tissues in Ayurveda:
  • Rasa (plasma/lymph) → Moon
  • Rakta (blood) → Moon or Mars (depending on system)
  • Mamsa (muscle) → Mars or Saturn
  • Medas (fat) → Jupiter
  • Asthi (bone) → Sun
  • Majja (bone marrow/nerve tissue) → Saturn or Ketu
  • Shukra (reproductive fluid/semen) → Venus
• Rahu and Ketu deplete ALL dhatus

Dirdasha / Drig Dasha

• class:: v11, v12, v13, v14
• One of Jaimini's conditional dashas
• "Dasha of aspects/sight" — progresses the 9th house through the zodiac
• Sign period lengths: mobile = 7yr, fixed = 8yr, dual = 9yr
• See: Techniques file for calculation procedure

Dusthana

• class:: v15, v16, v17
• Sanskrit: "bad place" — refers to the 6th, 8th, and 12th houses
• Houses of suffering, obstacles, loss, and transformation
• Dusthana lords in other dusthanas = Viparita Raja Yoga (protective)

Ekaona

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit prefix meaning "one less than"
• "Ekaona Vimshati" = 19 (one less than twenty)
• "Ekaona Trimshat" = 29 (one less than thirty)
• "Una" = without/less; "Eka" = one; together = "lacking one"

Gana (Temperament Type)

• class:: v18, v19
• One of the Kuta matching factors in marriage compatibility
• Three types: Deva (divine/sattvic), Manushya (human/rajasic), Rakshasa (demonic/tamasic)
• Same Gana = excellent; Deva-Manushya = good; different extremes = problematic
• Worth 6 points in Gunamela Chakra (max 36 points total)

Gunamela Chakra

• class:: v18, v19
• The Vedic marriage compatibility table; also called "Kuta matching" or "Guna matching"
• 8 components totaling maximum 36 points
• Above 18-20 = acceptable match; higher = better compatibility

Homam

• class:: v12, v20
• A personal fire ritual (fire offering / Homa)
• Different from Yaga/Yajna (large-scale public ritual)
• For personal use: low purity requirements; done for spiritual benefit
• Kali Yuga: teacher PVR recommends homam as primary sadhana

Hora Lagna

• class:: v16, v17
• A special lagna calculated based on the time elapsed since sunrise
• Used in longevity assessment (three-parts method)
• The sign type of Hora Lagna = one of three longevity votes

Ishta Devata

• class:: v14
• "Chosen Deity" or "Beloved God" — the form of the divine most suited to one's soul
• Found from: planet ruling the 12th house from Atmakaraka in Navamsa
• This is the most effective focus for worship and spiritual practice for that individual

Janadvesha

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit: "hatred of people" — misanthropic tendency
• "Jana" = people; "Dvesha" = hatred/aversion
• Combination giving this: 10th lord in 8th with Rahu

Jnana

• class:: v12, v20
• Sanskrit: "knowledge" or "wisdom" — specifically spiritual knowledge leading to liberation
• Jnana Yoga = path of discriminative inquiry
• "Samyajnanarthavan" (v20) = one who has both wealth (artha) and knowledge (jnana)

Jyotishoma

• class:: v20
• A large-scale Vedic yaga (fire ritual) involving the soma herb
• Extremely elaborate; requires strict external purity and precise preparation
• Classical indicator of someone skilled in this: Rahu in Kendra/Trikona with weak 10th lord

Karma Vaikalya

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit: "handicapped karma" or "impaired work"
• Vaikalya = disability, deficiency; karma = action/work
• Result of weak 10th lord: obstacles, underdeveloped career, work doesn't flourish

Kantaka Sani

• class:: v17
• Saturn's transit through 1st, 4th, 7th, or 10th house from natal Moon
• "Kantaka" = thorn; these transits cause difficulty like thorns in the path
• Similar in effect to Ashtama Sani but covers all four quadrant positions

Kuta

• class:: v18, v19
• Sanskrit: "peak" or "agreement" — in marriage context = compatibility factor
• Multiple Kuta factors are assessed and scored (see Gunamela Chakra)
• Also called Ashta Kuta (8 compatibility factors)

Lahiri Ayanamsha

• class:: v18
• The most commonly used sidereal zodiac correction in modern Vedic astrology
• Standard for government ephemerides in India
• PVR uses Lahiri Ayanamsha as the standard in these classes

Manda

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit name for Saturn; "Manda" = slow (Saturn is the slowest visible planet)
• "Manda Bhouma" = Saturn and Mars (together in a combination)

Manglik / Kuja Dosha

• class:: v17, v18
• Mars-related affliction in a chart; "Kuja" = Mars; "Dosha" = affliction/fault
• Traditional definition: Mars in 1st, 4th, 7th, 8th, or 12th house from Lagna/Moon/Venus
• Nullification: Mars exalted or in own sign → dosha does NOT apply
• Considered overrated in modern practice (PVR's statement)

Murti Nirnaya

• class:: v16, v17
• "Determination of the form/quality" — method for assessing transit quality
• Four Murtis: Suvarna (gold = very good), Rajata (silver = good), Tamra (copper = bad), Loha (iron = very bad)
• Based on Tara calculation from natal Moon nakshatra to transiting planet's nakshatra
• See: Tara; Nakshatras file

Nadi

• class:: v18, v19
• One of the Kuta compatibility factors in Gunamela Chakra
• Three Nadis: Adi (beginning), Madhya (middle), Antya (end)
• Same Nadi = incompatible in marriage; different Nadi = compatible
• Worth 8 points in Gunamela Chakra (highest-weighted single factor)

Nirvikalpa Samadhi

• class:: v12
• "Samadhi without modifications" — the highest meditative state
• Complete cessation of mental fluctuations (vrittis); pure awareness
• Astrological indicator in Dasha Pravesh Chakra: Sun + Moon + Rahu/Ketu on Lagna axis

Parivartana

• class:: v20
• Sign exchange between two planets: Planet A is in Planet B's sign, and Planet B is in Planet A's sign
• Creates a powerful mutual support between the two planets
• 10th-11th lord Parivartana = Sukha Jivana Yoga (comfortable, happy life)

Pravrajya / Parivrajaka

• class:: v11
• Sanskrit: "wandering forth" — renunciation of worldly life
• Pravrajya Yoga: 10th lord in Kendra with 4+ planets → person becomes a sanyasi/monk
• Parivrajaka = a wandering renunciant (specific form of sanyasi)

Rajpurohit

• class:: v20
• "Royal priest" or "priest of the king's court"
• The Brahmin who advises kings on dharma, rituals, and governance
• Jupiter in Sagittarius = Rajpurohit energy (active, engaged, judgmental dharma)

Sashtiayani Dasha

• class:: v15
• A conditional Jaimini dasha with 60-year cycle
• Each sign = 5 years
• Applicable when: Sun in Lagna AND Lagna is a Sirshodaya (head-rising) sign

Satabdi Dasha

• class:: v18
• A conditional dasha with 100-year cycle (extremely rare)
• Applicable when: D1 Lagna = D9 Navamsa Lagna (same sign in both charts)

Saimhihi

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit: "son of Simhika" — an epithet of Rahu
• Simhika = mother of Rahu in Puranic mythology
• Used in BPHS: "Saimhihi Kendra Trikonastho" = Rahu in Kendra or Trikona

Shishnodara Parayana

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit: "one devoted to the genital and stomach" — extreme selfishness
• "Shishna" = male genitalia; "Udara" = stomach; "Parayana" = devoted to/absorbed in
• Describes someone concerned only with personal gratification and survival
• Astrological combination: 10th lord in 7th with Mars/Saturn + 7th lord with malefics

Soma

• class:: v20
• A special herb (possibly Ephedra or similar) used in Vedic fire rituals (yagnas)
• Exact identity debated; was used in Jyotishoma and other elaborate yagas
• Represents the sacred ingredient that elevates the ritual's power

Sukha Jivana

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit: "comfortable/happy life"
• "Sukha" = comfort/happiness; "Jivana" = life
• Yoga: 10th and 11th lords in exchange or mutual Kendras = Sukha Jivana Bhag

Tapas / Tapas Yoga

• class:: v11, v12
• "Tapas" = austerity; spiritual heat generated by disciplined practice
• Tapas Yoga: Saturn + Venus + Ketu in Lagna/trine/8th/12th (especially all within 20 arc minutes)

Tara

• class:: v17, v18, v19
• "Star" — used in two contexts:
  1. Individual nakshatras in the sky
  2. The Tara system: 9-fold cycle of nakshatra relationships relative to a reference nakshatra
• The nine Taras: Janma, Sampat, Vipat, Kshema, Pratyari, Sadhaka, Vadha, Mitra, Atimitra

Tattvena

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit: "in essence" or "in truth" — used in BPHS preface
• "Tattvena brahma gargaadhibhashitham" = in essence, what was spoken by Brahma and Garga

Tunga Rasi

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit: "exaltation sign"
• "Tunga" = height; "Rasi" = sign
• "Tungarasim Samasritya" = "having taken up the exaltation sign" = planet in exaltation

Upapada Lagna (UL)

• class:: v17, v18
• Arudha (image) of the 12th house
• Shows the tangible/manifest side of marriage and partnerships
• Used in marriage compatibility assessment alongside Moon sign and Navamsa analysis

Vastu

• class:: v11
• Science of sacred space and architecture; directional alignment of buildings
• Mentioned in context of property charts (D4)

Yaga / Yajna

• class:: v20
• Large-scale Vedic fire ritual performed for the benefit of communities, nations
• Requires strict external purity and elaborate preparations
• Distinguished from personal Homam by scale and purpose
• Jyotishoma = a specific type of yaga

Yasasvi

• class:: v20
• Sanskrit: "famous" or "renowned" — one who has good reputation (yasas = fame)
• "Yasasvi shubha karma krut" = famous for performing good deeds

v2 Batch 3 — Classes 21–30

Glossary — Batch 3 (v21–v30)

Term — Arudha Lagna (AL)

• Devanagari: आरूढ लग्न
• Source: class-26, class-28, throughout
• Literal: "Arudha" = mounted upon; "Lagna" = ascendant
• In astrology: The tangible projected image of the Lagna (ascendant). Calculated by counting from Lagna to Lagna lord, then same count from Lagna lord. Cannot fall in 1st or 7th from Lagna; if so, take 10th instead.
• Context: "Lagna is your actual self, Arudha Lagna is the perceived self — what the world experiences of you." Planets in AL affect your appearance, looks, and public image. Planetary positions relative to AL show how others perceive various areas of your life.

Term — Argala

• Devanagari: अर्गल
• Source: class-26, extensive commentary
• Literal: A bolt or lock on a door; that which conclusively intervenes
• In astrology: A conclusive intervention by a planet on a house. Different from Graha Drishti (aspect = desire/intention). Argala = stamped influence that definitely manifests. Types: 2nd house Argala (resources), 4th house Argala (direction), 11th house Argala (fructification/certification). 11th Argala is strongest.
• Context: "Aspect is a desire of a planet to influence a house — results may or may not come. Argala is a conclusive intervention — the planet has a stamp on the house. Whether positive or negative depends on the planet's nature."

Term — Virodha Argala

• Devanagari: विरोध अर्गल
• Source: class-26
• Literal: "Virodha" = opposition/resistance
• In astrology: Opposition Argala that cancels a regular Argala. If a planet in the 2nd creates Argala on a house, a planet in the 12th creates Virodha Argala that can cancel it. Similarly for 4th/10th and 11th/3rd pairs.
• Context: Planet in Lagna causes Virodha Argala on the 4th house, potentially disturbing peace/direction for that house.

Term — Badhakasthana

• Devanagari: बाधकस्थान
• Source: class-22, class-26
• Literal: "Badhaka" = obstruction/tormentor; "Sthana" = place/house
• In astrology: The house that creates inexplicable, difficult-to-overcome obstacles for the Lagna. For movable signs (Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn): 11th house. For fixed signs (Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, Aquarius): 9th house. For dual signs (Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces): 7th house. The lord of this house = Badhakesha.
• Context: Badhaka lord in Badhakasthana causes health problems that are difficult to diagnose. Badhaka planets obstruct things that the native deserves but mysteriously cannot obtain.

Term — Badhakesha

• Devanagari: बाधकेश
• Source: class-22
• Literal: Lord of the Badhakasthana
• In astrology: The planetary ruler of the Badhakasthana house. Creates the specific type of obstruction: inexplicable obstacles that seem to come from nowhere, unrelated to any obvious cause. In Cancer Lagna (movable), Badhakesha = Venus (11th lord).
• Context: Badhakesha afflicting Lagna lord or Lagna itself = difficult-to-diagnose problems.

Term — Mrityu Bhaga

• Devanagari: मृत्यु भाग
• Source: class-24
• Literal: "Mrityu" = death; "Bhaga" = part/degree
• In astrology: Specific sensitive degrees for each planet in each sign. When a planet occupies its Mrityu Bhaga degree, it causes death-like suffering related to that planet's significations during the planet's Dasha.
• Context: In the asthma child's chart, Mars was at Mrityu Bhaga — indicating serious suffering related to Mars' significations (siblings, courage, nerve tissue) during Mars Dasha.

Term — Gandanta

• Devanagari: गाण्डान्त
• Source: class-23, class-24, class-26
• Literal: "Ganda" = knot; "Anta" = end; = "knot at the end"
• In astrology: The junction points between water signs (Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces) and fire signs (Aries, Leo, Sagittarius). The last navamsa of the water sign and first navamsa of the fire sign are Gandanta. Planets here cause harm to what they signify; the native requires Shanti (pacification ritual). Especially problematic for the Moon (Lagna lord's planet).
• Context: Mars at 2° Sagittarius (Moola nakshatra) = Gandanta; Moon at 0°49' Gemini; Rajesh's son Moon in Gandanta (8th lord Moon in Gandanta = suffering for mother/mind). Mars in Gandanta (class-24) = nerve/health issues.

Term — Shola Dasha (Shula Dasha)

• Devanagari: शूल दशा
• Source: class-23
• Literal: "Shula" = trident (spear); named after the weapon that cuts through existence
• In astrology: A Rasi (sign-based) dasha used specifically for longevity analysis and timing of death. The most important dasha for death timing. Trines from AL (Arudha Lagna) and A7 are critical dangerous periods. When the Shola Dasha runs the sign containing the Maraka planet or aspected by malefics from AL, it indicates dangerous periods.
• Context: Vijay Kumar's father running Aquarius Shola Dasha = dangerous; Aquarius has 3rd lord from Lagna + aspected by Sun-Rahu from 3rd from AL.

Term — Tithi Pravesh

• Devanagari: तिथि प्रवेश
• Source: class-26
• Literal: "Tithi" = lunar day; "Pravesh" = entry
• In astrology: The annual chart (solar return equivalent) calculated at the moment the Sun returns to the same Tithi (lunar day phase) as birth. Used for annual prediction. The Hora lord (ruler of the birth hour in the Tithi Pravesh chart) is the ruler of that year.
• Context: Visakhapatnam native's 2007 Tithi Pravesh analyzed; Hora lord = Moon; Mercury Pratyantar Dasha in Tithi Pravesh Dasha = health problem that year.

Term — Nakshatra Pravesh

• Devanagari: नक्षत्र प्रवेश
• Source: class-26
• Literal: "Nakshatra" = lunar mansion; "Pravesh" = entry
• In astrology: The annual chart calculated at the moment the Moon returns to the same nakshatra it occupied at birth. More precise than Tithi Pravesh for health issues. "The chart of health, health problems."
• Context: PVR recommended Nakshatra Pravesh for the Visakhapatnam native's nerve pain analysis — more suitable than Tithi Pravesh for physical health investigation.

Term — Pachaka, Bodhaka, Karaka, Vyadhaka

• Devanagari: पाचक, बोधक, कारक, व्याधक (Paatakadi Sambandha)
• Source: class-24
• Literal: Pachaka = ripener; Bodhaka = counselor/guide; Karaka = doer/agent; Vyadhaka = one who creates obstacles
• In astrology: Four types of planetary relationships based on house positions relative to each other. (1) Pachaka: ripens/activates results. (2) Bodhaka: advises/guides the planet. (3) Karaka: the actual doer of results. (4) Vyadhaka: creates obstacles and blocks. Both Naisargika (natural by sign) and dynamic (by house position in chart) variants exist.
• Context: Used in class-24 to analyze the asthma child's chart relationships between planets.

Term — Panditah

• Devanagari: पण्डित
• Source: class-26, BPHS Ch. 24 translation
• Literal: Scholar, learned person
• In astrology: Used in BPHS to describe the result of Lagna lord in 2nd house — "appears scholarly." PVR distinguishes: 5th house = actual scholarship; 2nd house = scholarly appearance through eloquent speech.
• Context: "Second house is speech and eloquence. Whatever he says is very intelligent and logical. He sounds like a scholar. This may or may not be real scholarship."

Term — Maani

• Devanagari: मानी
• Source: class-26, BPHS Ch. 24 translation
• Literal: One who has honor/self-respect; honorable
• In astrology: Result given for Lagna lord in 3rd house — person is very honorable and respected in society. Derived from: 3rd = 6th from 10th (fights for honor); also aspecting 9th (Dharmic).
• Context: The person with Lagna lord in 3rd "is very bothered about his name and fame in society. He will fight everything so that... He's very bothered about what the world thinks of his honor."

Term — Kamī

• Devanagari: कामी
• Source: class-26, BPHS Ch. 24 translation
• Literal: One who has desires (kama); desirous person
• In astrology: Result for Lagna lord in 4th house — the native is desirous/has many desires. Derived from: 3rd house (desire) has Argala from 4th's position; intelligence focused on "how can I be happy?"
• Context: Person with Lagna lord in 4th "is obsessed with their happiness and has Argala on the 3rd house of desire, so can give a lot of desires."

Term — Ayu Drekana (Ayur Drekana)

• Devanagari: आयु द्रेकाण
• Source: class-26
• Literal: Drekana = decanate (1/3 of a sign = 10°); Ayur = longevity/life
• In astrology: One of the named Drekanas associated with longevity analysis. PVR also references: Sarpa Drekana (snake = inauspicious for health), Pasha Drekana (noose = restriction), Ayudha Drekana (weapon = hurt/injury), Krura Drekana (cruel). These affect the maleficence of planets occupying them.
• Context: "Sarpa Drekana is a very inauspicious drekana. When talking about physical suffering, you can look at these drekanas." Mars in Sarpa Drekana for Visakhapatnam native.

Term — Saham / Sahama

• Devanagari: साहम / साहमा
• Source: class-26
• Literal: Arabic lot (similar to Arabic Parts); "lot" or "sensitive point"
• In astrology: Calculated sensitive points in the chart, each representing a specific life area. Examples: Roga Saham (disease lot), Kali Saham (strife lot). If the dasha lord interacts with these sahamas, the events they represent manifest.
• Context: In annual chart analysis, PVR checks whether the Dasha lord in the Tithi Pravesh is connected to Roga Saham or Kali Saham before predicting health issues.

Term — Jantu

• Devanagari: जन्तु
• Source: class-26, BPHS verse
• Literal: Animal, creature, living being
• In astrology: Parashara uses "jantu" (animal) instead of "nara" (human) in certain verses to indicate the rule applies to ALL living beings, including animals. "Whatever he's teaching is applicable to the natural horoscope of animals, not just human beings."
• Context: Verse about Lagna lord in 5th uses "jantu" — applicable to animals' charts as well.

Term — Susilah

• Devanagari: सुशील
• Source: class-26, BPHS verse
• Literal: Good character, well-mannered, virtuous conduct
• In astrology: Result given for Lagna lord in 2nd — "endowed with good character." Derived from: 2nd is 6th from 9th (fights for Dharma), giving Dharmic inclinations.
• Context: Used in BPHS shloka translation: "Susilah dharma-vid mani bahudhara gunair yutah."

Term — Dharmavid

• Devanagari: धर्मविद्
• Source: class-26, BPHS verse
• Literal: One who knows Dharma
• In astrology: Result for Lagna lord in 2nd — the person knows and follows Dharma. Derived from: 2nd house being 6th from 9th = one who fights for Dharma.
• Context: "Fighting for Dharma — in this age, righteousness requires a battle. Planets in the 2nd house give the spirit of fighting for what you consider right."

Term — Drigbhanga

• Devanagari: दृग्भंग
• Source: class-26 (health chart analysis)
• Literal: "Drik" = sight/aspect; "Bhanga" = breaking/destruction
• In astrology: A sensitive point or condition where aspects are "broken" or nullified. Checked in health analysis to see if there are any extreme vulnerabilities. Also used in Tithi Pravesh analysis.
• Context: "Let's quickly check Drigbhanga — nobody in Drigbhanga" — checked as part of annual chart health analysis.

Term — Gati

• Devanagari: गति
• Source: class-26
• Literal: Movement, direction, path
• In astrology: The 4th house is called the "house of direction" or "house of gati" — the path/direction the native takes in life. The 4th Argala from any planet gives direction to the matters of the aspected house.
• Context: "Fourth house is what to do, basically. It is the house of direction. Fourth house is the house of direction, gati."

Term — Labhavan

• Devanagari: लाभवान्
• Source: class-26, BPHS verse
• Literal: One who is blessed with gains/profits
• In astrology: Result term in BPHS for Lagna lord in 2nd house — native is blessed with material gains.
• Context: "Lagneshe dhanake balo labhavan panditah sukhi" — if Lagna lord is in 2nd house, the native has gains, is scholarly, and is happy.

Term — Prathamā patya nāsha

• Devanagari: प्रथम पत्य नाश
• Source: class-26, BPHS verse
• Literal: "Prathama" = first; "Patya" = child; "Nasha" = destruction/loss
• In astrology: The first child may be lost or there may be problems with the first child. Given as result for Lagna lord in 5th. Because: Lagna lord = 9th from 5th (final rites of child); aspects 11th (7th from 5th = maraka for child).
• Context: "Just because 5th lord is in 5th, don't think the children's wellbeing is ensured. The Lagna lord being in the 5th can show problems with the first child."

Term — Upapada (UL)

• Devanagari: उपापद
• Source: class-26 (marriage analysis for Visakhapatnam native)
• Literal: "Upa" = near/secondary; "Pada" = foot/step/arudha
• In astrology: Arudha of the 12th house (A12). Shows the image/tangible expression of the 12th house matters — including marriage (bed pleasures/commitment). "3rd and 8th from Upapada in Navamsa are important for marriage." UL lord = important for marriage timing.
• Context: Visakhapatnam native's UL lord Venus in 9th with Ketu; Mercury in Navamsa as 9th lord = marriage in Venus-Mercury period.

Term — Shukralagna

• Devanagari: शुक्रलग्न
• Source: class-26
• Literal: "Shukra" = Venus; "Lagna" = ascendant; Venus-based ascendant
• In astrology: Using Venus as the reference point (like a Lagna) for analyzing marriage and relationship matters. Planets in various houses from Venus show the nature of relationships.
• Context: "Moon is the 11th lord in 7th house from Shukralagna — Moon is a perfect candidate for marriage timing."

Term — Suta Sotyam ca Madhyamam

• Devanagari: सुत सौख्यं च मध्यमम्
• Source: class-26, BPHS verse
• Literal: Happiness from children is middling/average
• In astrology: The BPHS result for Lagna lord in 5th house — children's wellbeing/happiness is only average, not exceptional.
• Context: PVR explains: "He's not saying it'll be great. Madhyam means average. And he also says the first child may be lost."

v2 Batch 4 — Classes 31–40

Glossary — Batch 4 (classes 31–40)

Term: Abhijara / Abhichara

• Class: 31
• Sanskrit: abhicāra
• Meaning: Black magic; rituals performed with the intent to harm another person. PVR clarifies this is only a possible result (for 4L in 6H), not to be predicted casually; requires strong Rahu involvement and ninth-house adharma.

Term: Amala Yoga

• Class: 33
• Sanskrit: amala = pure, blemishless
• Meaning: A yoga formed by natural benefics in the tenth house from Lagna and/or Moon — gives spotless public reputation.

Term: Amavasya Yoga

• Class: 40
• Sanskrit: amāvāsyā = new moon; yoga = combination
• Meaning: Sun and Moon close together in a chart. In mundane charts (Lunar New Year) this is structural; in natal charts it afflicts the house it falls in and the associated planets.

Term: Aarambha

• Class: 38
• Sanskrit: ārambha = beginning, commencement
• Meaning: Used in "bahu ārambha karaḥ" — one who starts many things (but doesn't finish). Described for 7L in 9H.

Term: Aruk

• Class: 31
• Sanskrit: a = without + ruk (from roga) = disease
• Meaning: Disease-free, healthy person. Given as a result for 4L in 3H. PVR clarifies the root: "Ruk is Ra followed by vowel U, not the Vedic ṛk."

Term: A4 / A5 / A6 / A8 (Arudha Padas)

• Class: 31–40
• Sanskrit: āruḍha = mounted/manifest
• Meaning: The tangible, perceptible manifestation of the significations of a house. Calculated by taking the lord of the house and counting the same number of signs from the lord as the lord is from the house; if it falls in the same house or seventh, take the tenth therefrom.
  • A4 = Arudha of fourth house = tangible properties, vehicles, comforts one actually owns
  • A5 = Arudha of fifth house = tangible fame, children-related perception
  • A6 = Arudha of sixth house = perceptible enmities, debts, diseases
  • A8 = Arudha of eighth house = tangible sudden changes, crises

Term: Argala

• Class: 31–40 (used throughout)
• Sanskrit: argala = bolt/latch; intervention
• Meaning: Planetary intervention on a house. A planet in the second, fourth, or eleventh from any house has argala (influence) on that house; planet in the twelfth has a counter-argala. Key: argala from a lord on its own house strengthens that house's significations.

Term: Artha Trikona

• Class: 32, 38
• Sanskrit: artha = wealth/meaning; trikona = triangle
• Meaning: Houses 2, 6, 10 — the triangle of wealth/resources/karma. Second house = resources, sixth = work/obstacles, tenth = karma/accomplishment. Planets connecting Artha Trikonas link wealth with action.

Term: Atma Satru

• Class: 35
• Sanskrit: ātma = self; śatru = enemy
• Meaning: Enemy of the self. Used for 6L in 1H — the person either is an enemy to his own close people (alternative: own family suffers) or engages in self-defeating actions.

Term: Bahubalahina

• Class: 39
• Sanskrit: bahu = shoulder/arm; bala = strength; hīna = lacking
• Meaning: Lacking the strength of the shoulders; physically weak, without vigour. Used for 8L in 2H.

Term: Bhavat Bhavam

• Class: 31–40 (used throughout)
• Sanskrit: bhāvat bhāvam = from house to house
• Meaning: Principle of taking any house as the Lagna and evaluating the placement of planets from that vantage point. If you want to see results for the third house (courage), take the third house as Lagna and see what happens from there. Core analytical method used by PVR in every verse interpretation.

Term: Bhogi / Sukhabhogi

• Class: 31, 32
• Sanskrit: bhogī = enjoyer; sukha-bhogī = enjoyer of comforts
• Meaning: One who actually enjoys their comforts, not just possesses them. Distinguished from merely having (anvitaḥ). Used for 4L in 10H — person drives the Mercedes Benz every day rather than locking it in the garage.

Term: Chandrabala

• Class: 34 (Muhurta context)
• Sanskrit: candra = Moon; bala = strength
• Meaning: Strength/position of Moon in a Muhurta chart. One of the key items on the Muhurta evaluation checklist. Moon should be well-placed for the Muhurta to be good.

Term: Chalacittah / Capalacittah

• Class: 35
• Sanskrit: cala = moving; citta = mind/consciousness
• Meaning: Fickle-minded, restless mind. Used for 6L in 4H. Different from capala (hasty) — chalacittah implies a mind that cannot settle.

Term: Darakaraka

• Class: 31, 39
• Sanskrit: dāra = wife/spouse; kāraka = significator
• Meaning: The planet with the lowest degrees in a natal chart (in Jaimini system) — signifies the spouse. Used in Asha's chart reading: Rahu is Darakaraka; Rahu Dasha running during marriage period.

Term: Data / Datta / Dattasuta

• Class: 31, 33, 34
• Sanskrit: datta = given, adopted; suta = child
• Meaning: An adopted child; a child received from another person. Result given for 5L in 6H and 5L in 12H — the person gets a child through adoption or unusual circumstances.

Term: Digbala

• Class: 34
• Sanskrit: dik = direction; bala = strength
• Meaning: Directional strength. Each planet gains extra strength in a particular quadrant (kendra):
  • Sun and Mars: 10th house (south direction)
  • Jupiter and Mercury: 1st house (east direction)
  • Moon and Venus: 4th house (north direction)
  • Saturn: 7th house (west direction)

Term: Dirghasutra / Dirghasutrin

• Class: 37
• Sanskrit: dīrgha = long; sūtra = thread; -in = having
• Meaning: Procrastinator; one who drags things out, delays acting. Used for 7L in 2H — the person always says "we can do it tomorrow."

Term: Dusthana / Dussthana

• Class: 31–40 (used throughout)
• Sanskrit: duḥ = bad; sthāna = house/place
• Meaning: The "bad" houses — 6, 8, and 12. Also sometimes 3 is included in a broader list. Planets in dusthanas generally give unfavourable results to Lagna, but through bhavat bhavam analysis can give good results to other houses.

Term: Dveshi

• Class: 35
• Sanskrit: dveṣī = one who hates/is jealous
• Meaning: Jealous, hateful person. Used for 6L in 4H. Jealousy is rooted in lack of humility (twelfth house), and PVR links it to the sixth lord's influence.

Term: Gandanta

• Class: 40
• Sanskrit: gaṇḍa = knot/danger; anta = end
• Meaning: The junction between a water sign and a fire sign (Pisces/Aries, Cancer/Leo, Scorpio/Sagittarius). The last degrees of a water sign and first degrees of a fire sign are considered Gandanta — a point of instability or crisis. In mundane charts, Gandanta Lagna = terrible/unstable year for that country.
• Example: North Korea 2009 chart: 29°31' Scorpio rising = deep Gandanta = extremely bad year predicted.

Term: Gnimanta Yoga

• Class: 33
• Sanskrit: gnī/jñī = knowledge; manta = thinking (sharp)
• Meaning: A yoga formed by the fifth lord in the sixth house — gives sharp analytical intelligence.

Term: Granthakarta

• Class: 34, 34
• Sanskrit: grantha = book/text; kartā = maker/author
• Meaning: Author of books/texts. Used metaphorically for any person who achieves fame through scholarship or communication. For 5L in 9H and 5L in 11H.

Term: Gupta Roga

• Class: 32
• Sanskrit: gupta = hidden/secret; roga = disease
• Meaning: (1) Hidden or difficult-to-diagnose diseases; (2) sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Used for 4L in 11H — person has fear of gupta roga.

Term: Harsha Yoga

• Class: 35/36
• Sanskrit: harṣa = joy, happiness
• Meaning: Sixth lord in the sixth house — person is very cheerful.

Term: Hora Lord

• Class: 40
• Sanskrit: horā = hour (adapted from Greek hōra)
• Meaning: The lord of the hora (half-sign period) at the time of the Lunar New Year. This planet is considered the "ruler of the year" for that country/chart. Sun rules the hora of the first half of each sign; Moon rules the second half (or vice versa depending on day/night).
• Example: US Lunar New Year 2009 — Moon is the hora lord = Moon rules/governs US that year.

Term: Jitendriya

• Class: 32
• Sanskrit: jita = conquered; indriya = senses
• Meaning: One who has conquered the senses. Used for 4L in 10H. PVR clarifies this is rare and means overcoming the delusion of worldly achievements (moha from tenth house), not literal inability to perceive.

Term: Jnati

• Class: 36
• Sanskrit: jñāti = kinsman, close relative
• Meaning: Close relatives — cousins, extended family members. Used in 6L in 6H verse: the person has enmity with his own jnati-mandala (circle of kinsmen).

Term: Kadaryah

• Class: 33
• Sanskrit: kadaryaḥ = miser, one who doesn't spend
• Meaning: Miserly person; someone who avoids spending money. Appears for 5L in 1H and 5L in 3H. Traced through twelfth-house argala: the planet obstructs spending.

Term: Kala Amrita Yoga / Kala Amrita

• Class: 31
• Sanskrit: kāla = time/death; amṛta = nectar/immortal
• Meaning: A yoga where all seven planets are on one side of the Rahu-Ketu axis (either all between Rahu and Ketu in one direction, with Lagna potentially breaking it). Said to bring important life changes, especially at the boundaries of planetary dashas or when the Dasha comes to Jupiter. PVR notes it indicates important changes in the mid-forties for Asha's chart.

Term: Kamatrikona

• Class: 32, 37, 38
• Sanskrit: kāma = desire; trikona = triangle
• Meaning: Houses 3, 7, 11 — the triangle of desires. Third house shows initiative to fulfil desire; seventh is the desire itself; eleventh is fulfillment/gain. When Kamatrikona lords connect to each other, desires are strong and active.

Term: Kandaka Saptamsa

• Class: 40
• Sanskrit: kandaka = thorns/falling
• Meaning: A category of Saptamsa associated with crises and falls. Planets in this Saptamsa during their Dasha bring difficult or crisis-laden periods in mundane charts.

Term: Kliba

• Class: 32
• Sanskrit: klība = eunuch, neutral gender
• Meaning: Literally a eunuch; used by Parashara (4L in 8H) to mean someone who lacks strong desires and motivations, who is incapable of asserting themselves. PVR says the English equivalent is "eunuch" and it can also mean someone who is incapable of standing up for themselves.

Term: Krodha

• Class: 31, 34, 36, 37, 38
• Sanskrit: krodha = anger
• Meaning: Anger; one of the six shadripus (internal enemies). Eighth house is its root in the Trimshamsa. Used in multiple BPHS verses: person is angry when a dusthana lord afflicts fourth or fifth house.

Term: Kuhakanvitah

• Class: 31
• Sanskrit: kuhaka = cunning, trickery
• Meaning: Cunning person; one who is not straightforward and uses cleverness/deception to achieve goals. Used for 4L in 2H.

Term: Kuladipaka

• Class: 34
• Sanskrit: kula = lineage/family; dīpaka = lamp
• Meaning: One who brings light/fame to the family. Phrase used for 5L in 9H — the person brings renown to their lineage.

Term: Lobha

• Class: 32, 35
• Sanskrit: lobha = greed
• Meaning: Greed; one of the six shadripus. Rooted in the ninth house of the Trimshamsa according to PVR's mapping.

Term: Mada

• Class: 32
• Sanskrit: mada = wantonness, intoxication
• Meaning: Going to any extreme to get what you want; wantonness. One of the six shadripus, rooted in the eleventh house (Trimshamsa mapping). Distinct from pride (which is moha).

Term: Mantri

• Class: 31
• Sanskrit: mantrī = minister, counsellor
• Meaning: Minister or king's counsellor. Used metaphorically for a person of influence in society. Given as result for 4L in 4H — "he may be a minister, but not necessarily. Somebody influential."

Term: Marakasthana

• Class: 32–39 (used throughout)
• Sanskrit: māraka = killer; sthāna = house
• Meaning: Houses 2 and 7 — the killer houses. The second and seventh lords are Maraka lords. When they are strong and afflicting the chart during their Dasha, they can bring death or severe setbacks.

Term: Matsarya

• Class: 32, 35
• Sanskrit: mātsarya = jealousy, enviousness
• Meaning: Jealousy; one of the six shadripus. Rooted in the twelfth house (Trimshamsa mapping). The root: lacking humility (twelfth house is humility), one becomes jealous of what others have.

Term: Moha

• Class: 32
• Sanskrit: moha = delusion, attachment, false pride
• Meaning: Delusion/false pride arising from worldly achievements. PVR maps it to the tenth house in the Trimshamsa. "When somebody says you are a great scientist, you feel great about it, and you are in moha."

Term: Mrityu Bhaga

• Class: 31 (mentioned in Muhurta context), also class-34
• Sanskrit: mṛtyu = death; bhāga = degree
• Meaning: Death degrees — specific degrees in each sign that are inauspicious for Muhurta. If the Muhurta Lagna or important planet falls on Mrityu Bhaga, the Muhurta should be avoided.

Term: Mundane Astrology

• Class: 40
• Sanskrit/English: refers to astrology of nations, countries, and world events
• Meaning: The branch of astrology that analyses charts of countries, cities, elections, and world events (as opposed to natal/individual charts). PVR uses Lunar New Year charts with multiple divisional charts (Navamsa, Trimshamsa, Dasamsa) for country-level analysis.

Term: Navamsa

• Class: 31–40 (used throughout)
• Sanskrit: nava = nine; aṃśa = portion/division
• Meaning: Ninth divisional chart (D-9). Shows the inner blessings and spiritual depth of the chart. Used for marriage assessment (Upada Lagna), deeper character, and in mundane charts for foreign relations analysis.

Term: Neecha / Neechabhanga

• Class: 34
• Sanskrit: nīca = low, fallen; bhanga = breaking
• Meaning: Neecha = debilitated (planet in its debilitation sign). Neechabhanga = cancellation of debility by specific conditions, which can create a Raja Yoga.

Term: Nindaka

• Class: 39
• Sanskrit: nindaka = one who blames/criticises/insults
• Meaning: One who is hostile or disrespectful toward gods and brahmanas (religion). Used for 8L in 1H.

Term: Pardeshi / Paradesi

• Class: 35, 36
• Sanskrit: para = other/foreign; deśī = relating to country
• Meaning: One who lives abroad, away from their motherland. Given as a result for 6L in 2H and 6L in 10H. PVR traces it through Kama Trikona connection with the twelfth house.

Term: Pishuna

• Class: 33, 35
• Sanskrit: piśuna = rumour-monger, slanderer
• Meaning: One who spreads rumours, telling stories from one person to another. A tale-bearer. PVR: "somebody who's basically telling stories from here in that place, stories from there in this place." Result for 5L in 3H and 6L in 4H.

Term: Purva Punya

• Class: 31–40 (used throughout)
• Sanskrit: pūrva = previous; puṇya = merit
• Meaning: Merits accumulated in previous lives. Associated with the fifth house. A strong fifth house and fifth lord indicates good purva punya. Fifth house as "Lagna" for purva punya analysis is done extensively throughout the batch.

Term: Purushottama Saptamsa

• Class: 40
• Sanskrit: puruṣottama = the supreme person (epithet of Vishnu); also implies "thesis"
• Meaning: A category of Saptamsa used in mundane analysis. When a planet is in Purushottama Saptamsa, its Dasha in a mundane chart shows undesirable, problematic results.

Term: Raja Yoga

• Class: 31–40 (used throughout)
• Sanskrit: rāja = king; yoga = combination
• Meaning: A combination that gives royal results — prosperity, status, power, honour. Most commonly when a trine lord and quadrant lord are connected. Multiple types discussed: partial, full, upachaya, viparita.

Term: Rasayani

• Class: 32
• Sanskrit: rasāyanī = alchemist, chemist
• Meaning: One who deals with chemicals or who is a scientist/researcher. Used for 4L in 10H. PVR connects it to fourth house (liquids, knowledge) being in the tenth house of profession, leading to a researcher archetype.

Term: Saptayoga

• Class: 31
• Sanskrit: sapta = seven; yoga = combination
• Meaning: All seven classical planets falling in kendras (quadrant houses 1, 4, 7, 10). Considered an important yoga requiring propitiation. For Asha's chart, three malefics are in kendras with Rahu in Lagna — this is what makes the chart challenging and why Kartikeya worship is sometimes recommended.

Term: Satabdi Dasha

• Class: 40
• Sanskrit: śatābdi = hundred years
• Meaning: A 100-year dasha system used in mundane astrology. It applies when the Lagna lord is in the seventh house in the chart being analyzed. Probability of one-twelfth.

Term: Shadripu

• Class: 32, 35
• Sanskrit: ṣaḍ = six; ripu = enemy
• Meaning: The six internal enemies: kāma (desire), krodha (anger), lobha (greed), moha (delusion), mada (wantonness), mātsarya (jealousy). PVR maps them to houses 7–12 in the Trimshamsa: 7=kama, 8=krodha, 9=lobha, 10=moha, 11=mada, 12=matsarya. All have their root in the sixth house of the natal chart.

Term: Siddhi

• Class: 31
• Sanskrit: siddhi = fulfillment, accomplishment, psychic power
• Meaning: The fulfillment of a sadhana (spiritual practice). Not just supernatural powers but any procedure achieving its intended result. Sixth house shows siddhi (eleventh from the eighth house of tapasya = fulfillment of sadhana).

Term: Svabhujaarjita Vittavan

• Class: 31
• Sanskrit: sva = own; bhuja = arm/shoulder; arjita = earned; vittavān = wealthy
• Meaning: One who has earned wealth through their own efforts/shoulders. Given for 4L in 3H and 4L in 5H. PVR clarifies this can mean someone who never sits back, always rotating and investing their assets.

Term: Tara Bala

• Class: 34 (Muhurta context)
• Sanskrit: tāra = star; bala = strength
• Meaning: Strength of the nakshatra in a Muhurta relative to the native's natal nakshatra. One of the key Muhurta evaluation criteria.

Term: Tithi

• Class: 34 (Muhurta context)
• Sanskrit: tithi = lunar day (1/30th of synodic month)
• Meaning: One of the key Muhurta evaluation factors. Certain tithis are inauspicious (Rikta tithis: 4, 9, 14; Amavasya).

Term: Tridosha

• Class: 35, 37, 38
• Sanskrit: tri = three; doṣa = fault/humor
• Meaning: The three Ayurvedic biological humors:
  • Vata: air + ether — qualities of air, instability, dynamism, movement. Extroverted, hyperactive people tend toward Vata.
  • Pitta: fire — qualities of fire, intensity, sharpness. Aggressive, competitive types.
  • Kapha: water + earth — qualities of heaviness, stability, calm. Relaxed, steady types. PVR uses tridosha to explain Vata roga tendencies in people with strong seventh-house influence (7L in 1H, 7L in 7H).

Term: Upachaya

• Class: 31–40 (used throughout)
• Sanskrit: upa = near; caya = accumulation
• Meaning: Houses of accumulation and growth: 3, 6, 10, 11. Lords of these houses are malefic for Lagna (they create obstacles or competition) but are excellent for material accumulation. Key insight: for wealth (second house) and other things that grow over time, Upachaya lords are important.

Term: Upada Lagna

• Class: 31, 37
• Sanskrit: upāda = foot/support; lagna = ascendant
• Meaning: The Arudha of the twelfth house. Used to assess marriage quality, the spouse's nature, and marital happiness. The second house from Upada shows sustenance of the marriage. If the second from Upada has malefics, marriage can break.

Term: Uttaradayaka

• Class: 35, 39
• Sanskrit: uttara = answer/reply; dāyaka = giver
• Meaning: One who talks back, gives answers when not expected to. Used for disobedient servants (6L in 3H, 8L in 3H) — the servant reasons independently and refuses simple commands.

Term: VE7 (Venus Special Lagna — speed factor 7)

• Class: 39
• Sanskrit/Technical: Planetary Special Lagna with Venus at speed factor 7
• Meaning: A special Lagna calculated by taking Venus as the reference planet with a speed factor of 7 (seven times faster than normal Lagna). Changes sign every approximately 17 minutes. The seventh house from VE7 must link to natal Lagna via Dasha/Antardasha for marriage to occur. Research claim: ~80% accuracy in tested charts.

Term: Viparita Raja Yoga

• Class: 36, 37
• Sanskrit: viparīta = reversed/opposite; rāja yoga = royal combination
• Meaning: A "reversed" Raja Yoga formed by dusthana lords (6, 8, 12) placed in other dusthanas. After initial struggles the person gets unexpected uplift. Critical exception: does NOT apply to health — 6L in 8H or 8L in 6H still gives diseases.

Term: Vrana

• Class: 39
• Sanskrit: vraṇa = wound, sore, cancer
• Meaning: Wounds or chronic conditions like cancer. Used for 8L in 1H — person has wounds or long-term diseases. PVR: "Vrana means either wounds or long-term things like cancer."

v2 Batch 5 — Classes 41–50

Glossary — Batch 5 (v2 Classes 41–50)

Term — Amavasya

Devanagari: अमावस्या Source: v41 Literal: "No Moon night" — the New Moon day (when Moon and Sun are in the same longitude zone). In astrology: Amavasya Yoga = Sun-Moon conjunction. The tithi (lunar day) of the New Moon is called Amavasya. A person born on Amavasya has Sun and Moon conjunct in their chart. In mundane astrology, Amavasya Yoga in the 10th house = aggressive, martial government action. Context: Used to describe the Sun-Moon conjunction in the US Lunar New Year chart (v41); also a tithi type used in Tithi Pravesh annual chart calculation (v42).

Term — Arudha Pada

Devanagari: आरूढ पाद Source: v42, v47 Literal: "Mounted position" — the mirror reflection of a house through its lord. In astrology: Each house has an Arudha Pada (Ax): count from the house to its lord, then the same number from the lord — that landing point is the Arudha. It represents the "maya" (perceived reality) of that house. A1 = Arudha Lagna (AL) = how others perceive the native. A6 = how the adversary/enemy is perceived. A8 = Mrityu Pada (death-point). A10 = career perception. Context: A6 in Gemini with AL for Srini Nita showed obstacles to her perceived educational identity (v47); A4 analysis in Shashi's chart for relocation (v42).

Term — Atmakaraka

Devanagari: आत्मकारक Source: v43, v44 Literal: "Significator of the soul" — from Atma (soul) + Karaka (significator). In astrology: The planet with the highest longitude (degrees within its sign, ignoring sign) in the natal chart. It represents the core lesson and desire of the soul in this lifetime. The AK's placement in Navamsa and the 12th house from AK in Navamsa (Karakamsha) reveals the Ishta Devata. Context: Used to determine Ishta Devata for Kartik (v44) and the woman returning to India (v43). Key concept in Jaimini astrology but applied here in Parashari-Jaimini synthesis.

Term — Bhavat Bhavam

Devanagari: भवात् भवम् Source: v43 (referenced in logic of house lord placements) Literal: "From house to house" — the principle that a house also expresses through the house of the same distance from itself. In astrology: The bhavat bhavam of a house is the same-numbered house counted from that house. E.g., 5th from 5th = 9th; so 9th house is also the bhavat bhavam of 5th (children of children = grandchildren; higher education of education = doctorate). Used to understand secondary significations. Context: Referenced when explaining why 11th lord in 3rd (11th from 5th) creates digestive issues — Bhavat Bhavam principle (v45).

Term — Chaturthamsa (D-4)

Devanagari: चतुर्थांश Source: v42, v43 Literal: "One-fourth division" — from Chaturtha (fourth) + Amsha (portion). In astrology: The D4 divisional chart, dividing each sign into 4 equal parts (7°30' each). Shows home, property, residence, and real estate. Used for relocation analysis and homeland vs. foreign living. Context: D4 analysis for Shashi (v42) and woman returning to India (v43).

Term — Dasamsa (D-10)

Devanagari: दशमांश Source: v44 Literal: "One-tenth division" — from Dasham (tenth) + Amsha (portion). In astrology: The D10 divisional chart for career and professional matters. Each sign divided into 10 parts. The primary chart for all career analysis; D10 confirms and refines D1 10th house analysis. Context: Used for Kartik's career analysis in electronics/software (v44).

Term — Dhana Yoga

Devanagari: धन योग Source: v43, v44, v45, v46 Literal: "Wealth yoga" — from Dhana (wealth) + Yoga (combination). In astrology: Any combination of planetary placements that confers wealth. Examples: 11th lord in 2nd (all kinds of wealth), 10th lord in 2nd (wealth through career), 2nd and 11th lords connected. Different from simple house placement — requires a combination/connection between wealth-indicating houses. Context: Many placements in BPHS Ch. 24 results list for 11th lord create Dhana Yoga conditions (v45, v46).

Term — Dusthana

Devanagari: दुःस्थान Source: v47, v48 (core concept throughout) Literal: "Difficult place" or "house of hardship" — from Duh (difficult, bad) + Sthana (place/house). In astrology: The 6th, 8th, and 12th houses are called dusthanas. They represent enemies/disease (6th), sudden changes/death (8th), and expenses/losses (12th). Their lords are functionally malefic for most lagnas. However, dusthana lords in other dusthanas create Viparita Raja Yoga. Context: Central to understanding Viparita Raja Yoga (v47, v48) and the BPHS Ch. 24 analysis of 12th lord placements.

Term — Gandanta

Devanagari: गण्डान्त Source: v41 Literal: "End of a knot" or "difficult junction" — the junction between water and fire signs. In astrology: The last 3°20' of the water signs (Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces) and the first 3°20' of the fire signs (Aries, Leo, Sagittarius) form the Gandanta zone. A planet or lagna in Gandanta indicates extreme suffering and vulnerability. Gandanta lagna in a mundane chart = national catastrophe. Context: North Korea's Lunar New Year chart (v41) had Gandanta lagna, indicating extreme national suffering.

Term — Graha Yuddha

Devanagari: ग्रह युद्ध Source: v48 Literal: "Planetary war" — from Graha (planet) + Yuddha (war/battle). In astrology: When two planets (only Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn — not Sun, Moon, nodes) are within 1° of each other in the same sign, they are in Graha Yuddha. The planet with the lower longitude (behind in the zodiac) loses the war; its significations and house lordship effects are damaged or destroyed. The winning planet gains additional strength. Context: Venus-Mars Graha Yuddha (11 arc-min apart, Venus losing) in Proddatur woman's 8th house — destroyed marriage and caused extreme relationship suffering (v48).

Term — Imsho Three Dasha

Devanagari: (Not a Sanskrit term — transliteration of a technical term used by PVR) Source: v41 Literal: Appears to be a specific designation for a mundane dasha system. In astrology: A conditional dasha used for mundane (national) charts, particularly Lunar New Year / Mesha Sankranti charts. Activated when the lagna lord is in the 7th house of the mundane chart. Governs the timing of national events during the year covered by that chart. Context: Applied to Lunar New Year charts for various countries in v41.

Term — Jitatindriya

Devanagari: जितेन्द्रिय Source: v46 Literal: "One who has conquered the senses" — from Jita (conquered) + Indriya (senses). In astrology: A quality attributed to the native when 11th lord is in the 10th house (BPHS Ch. 24). Indicates self-mastery, discipline over sensory desires, integration of worldly success with inner restraint. Context: Used to describe the quality of 11th lord in 10th house result (v46).

Term — Kantakashani

Devanagari: कण्टकशनि Source: v42, v43 Literal: "Thorn Saturn" — from Kantaka (thorn/obstacle) + Shani (Saturn). In astrology: A difficult Saturn transit period when Saturn passes through the 4th or 10th house from the natal Moon (or from natal lagna in some traditions). This causes major disruptions to home, career, and emotional stability. Different from Sade Sati but equally difficult. Duration: approximately 2.5 years for each transit. Context: Running for Shashi (v42) — Saturn in 8th from Moon (approaching Kantakashani area) — and discussed for woman returning to India (v43).

Term — Karakamsha

Devanagari: कारकांश Source: v43, v44 Literal: "The sign/house of the Atmakaraka" — from Karaka (significator/AK) + Amsha (division/sign). In astrology: The Navamsa rasi occupied by the Atmakaraka. The Karakamsha lagna is used as an alternate lagna in the Navamsa for spiritual and soul-level analysis. The 12th house from the Karakamsha reveals the Ishta Devata. Context: Used in Ishta Devata determination for Kartik (v44) and the woman returning to India (v43).

Term — Pandita

Devanagari: पण्डित Source: v43, v46 Literal: "Learned person" or "scholar." In astrology: Used as a descriptor for the result when 10th lord is in lagna (the native becomes a pandita — a scholar, v43) or when 11th lord is in 11th house (scholarship, v46). Indicates high level of learning and recognition as a learned person. Context: Appears in BPHS Ch. 24 Sanskrit shloka interpretations (v43, v46).

Term — Sade Sati

Devanagari: साढे साती Source: v42, v43 Literal: "Seven and a half" — referring to the 7.5-year duration. In astrology: The period when Saturn transits through the 12th, 1st, and 2nd houses from the natal Moon — spending approximately 2.5 years in each sign, totaling 7.5 years. This is a period of pressure on the mind, emotions, and general life affairs. The phase when Saturn is in the 8th from natal Moon is sometimes considered the "pre-Sade Sati" pressure phase. Context: Active for Shashi (v42) with Saturn in 8th from Moon causing unexplained worries; active for woman returning to India (v43).

Term — Shashtamsha (D-6)

Devanagari: षष्ठांश Source: v42 Literal: "One-sixth division" — from Shashtha (sixth) + Amsha (portion). In astrology: The D6 divisional chart for litigation, legal disputes, enemies, and health details. Each sign divided into 6 equal parts. The 6th house in D6 shows litigation and disease at their most specific level. Context: Used for Shashi's litigation analysis (v42).

Term — Shatabdi Dasha

Devanagari: शताब्दी दशा Source: v42, v49 Literal: "Century dasha" — from Shata (hundred) + Abdi (year/century) + Dasha (period). In astrology: A special 100-year dasha system applicable when the natal lagna is Vargottama (same rasi in both D1 and D9 Navamsa). Considered more accurate than Vimshottari for such natives. Overrides Sashtiyogi when both conditions are present. Context: Applicable for the boy's chart in v49 (Vargottama lagna confirmed).

Term — Siddhamsha (D-24)

Devanagari: सिद्धांश Source: v47, v49, v50 Literal: "Accomplished/perfected portion" — from Siddha (accomplished, perfected) + Amsha (portion). In astrology: Another name for the D24 (Chaturvimshamsa) divisional chart. Shows education, learning, and academic achievement. The Siddha quality refers to achieving mastery through learning. Context: Used for Srini Nita's education analysis (v47) and boy's D24 analysis (v49, v50). Note: PVR uses "Siddhamsha" and "Chaturvimshamsa" interchangeably.

Term — Trimsamsa (D-30)

Devanagari: त्रिंशांश Source: v48 Literal: "Thirtieth portion" — from Trimsha (thirty) + Amsha (portion). In astrology: The D30 divisional chart for evils, misfortunes, chronic disease, and mental suffering. Each sign divided into 30 parts ruled by 5 planets (Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus). Shows the root cause of a person's deepest sufferings and karmic burdens. Context: Proddatur woman's D30 showed Moon + Mercury + Saturn + Rahu + Ketu all in one house — explaining her extreme depression and suicide attempts (v48).

Term — Upachaya

Devanagari: उपचय Source: v45, v46 (implicit in rule discussions) Literal: "Growth" or "increase" — from Upa (toward) + Chaya (building up). In astrology: Houses 3, 6, 10, and 11 are Upachaya houses. Malefics placed here grow stronger over time and eventually give results. Benefics in Upachaya houses may not give as strong results as they do in trines and angles. The 11th and 3rd are considered functional malefic houses whose lords bring friction. Context: Referenced in understanding 11th lord as functional malefic and why 11th lord in 3rd brings digestive problems despite both being Upachaya houses (v45).

Term — Vargottama

Devanagari: वर्गोत्तम Source: v42, v49 Literal: "Best division" — from Varga (division/chart) + Uttama (best/superior). In astrology: A planet or lagna is Vargottama when it occupies the same rasi in both the D1 (Rasi) and D9 (Navamsa) charts. Vargottama planets or lagna are considered exceptionally strong. Vargottama lagna triggers Shatabdi Dasha (100-year cycle). Context: Boy's chart (v49) had Vargottama lagna — Shatabdi Dasha applicable. General concept applied throughout.

Term — Vimshamsa (D-20)

Devanagari: विंशांश Source: v44 Literal: "Twentieth portion" — from Vimshat (twenty) + Amsha (portion). In astrology: The D20 divisional chart for spiritual practices, upasana (devotional worship), and religious merit. Shows the native's spiritual path, preferred deity, and devotional practices. Used to confirm Ishta Devata and recommend appropriate mantra/worship. Context: Used for Kartik's spiritual path analysis (v44) — revealed Venkateshwara/Vishnu worship.

Term — Vimarga Yoga

Devanagari: विमार्ग योग Source: v48 Literal: "Wrong path yoga" — from Vi (away from, wrong) + Marga (path/road) + Yoga (combination). In astrology: A yoga formed by 12th lord in 12th house. Indicates excessive sensual indulgence, perversion, or misuse of the 12th house energies (bed pleasures, foreign connections, hidden matters). The native pursues pleasure in an excessive or misdirected way. Context: BPHS Ch. 24 result for 12th lord in 12th house (v48).

Term — Viparita Raja Yoga

Devanagari: विपरीत राज योग Source: v47, v48 Literal: "Reversed king yoga" or "contrary Raja Yoga" — from Viparita (reversed/contrary) + Raja (king) + Yoga (combination). In astrology: When a dusthana lord (6th, 8th, or 12th) is placed in another dusthana, the negative energy becomes "doubly negative" = positive (two negatives make a positive). The three named variants are Harsha (6th lord in dusthana), Sarala (8th lord in dusthana), and Vimala (12th lord in dusthana). Results in rise from adversity, destroyed enemies, and good fortune after initial difficulties. Context: 12th lord in 6th (Harsha, v47); 12th lord in 8th (Sarala, "always profitable," v48). Also applied in D24 for educational excellence (v50).

v2 Batch 6 — Classes 51–60

Glossary — Batch 6 (classes 51–60)

Term — Bhava

• Devanagari: भाव
• Source: class-53
• Literal: "Meaning," "feeling," "existence," "that which is"
• In-astrology: The 12 houses of the birth chart, representing the 12 domains of life. More precisely, bhava = the internal, inanimate capacity or essence of a life domain — the "meaning behind the symbol." The bhava exists as inner reality, invisible to the outside world. Contrast with Arudha Pada, which is the external/visible manifestation.
• Context: PVR uses the word/meaning linguistic analogy: bhava is the meaning (internal, real but not directly communicable); pada is the word (external symbol). A house (4th bhava) = capacity to have comfort/home; it is real but invisible. The A4 (arudha of 4th) = the tangible car or house the world can see.

Term — Pada / Arudha Pada

• Devanagari: पद / आरूढ पद
• Source: class-53, class-54, class-55
• Literal: Pada = "foot," "word," "step," "symbol"; Arudha = "mounted on" / "that which is ascended to"
• In-astrology: The external, tangible manifestation of a house's inner reality. Computed per Parasara's formula (BPHS Chapter 29): count N signs from the house to its lord; count the same N signs from the lord — the resulting sign is the arudha. Exception: if the result is the house itself or its 7th, take the 10th from the house (or 4th from the house if that also falls on the house/7th). There is one arudha per house (Bhava Pada) and one per planet (Graha Arudha).
• Context: The arudha pada of the lagna (AL) is the most important — it represents how the world perceives the native overall. Other arudhas: A4 = tangible property/vehicle, A7 = tangible partnership image, A10 = tangible career reputation, UL = tangible marriage image, etc.

Term — Argala

• Devanagari: अर्गल
• Source: class-54
• Literal: "Bolt" / "bar" / "decisive intervention" (literally the bolt that locks a door)
• In-astrology: A conclusive intervention on a house or arudha from specific positions relative to it. Planets in the 2nd, 4th, and 11th from a house/arudha create argala (positive intervention) on it; planets in the 3rd, 5th, and 12th create virodha-argala (obstruction/counter-intervention). Argala is more decisive than rashi drishti (access) or graha drishti (desire) — it represents "actually doing it."
• Context: PVR's QA engineer analogy: rashi drishti = QA engineer has access to the release; graha drishti = QA wants to sign off; argala = QA actually signs the release (conclusive intervention). Without argala from an appropriate planet, the house's result remains indeterminate even if aspects are present.

Term — Virodha Argala

• Devanagari: विरोध अर्गल
• Source: class-54
• Literal: "Obstructing bolt" — the bolt that prevents the door from locking
• In-astrology: Planets in the 3rd, 5th, and 12th from a house/arudha obstruct the argala created by planets in 2nd, 4th, and 11th respectively. If a planet in 11th creates argala (gains) on a house, a planet in 12th creates virodha-argala (obstruction of those gains). The stronger placement wins. If both 11th and 12th are equally occupied, the result is mixed.
• Context: Key for determining whether the apparent "gain" from 11th-from-AL will actually manifest — check if 12th from AL is simultaneously loaded with stronger planets creating virodha-argala.

Term — Graha Arudha

• Devanagari: ग्रह आरूढ
• Source: class-53
• Literal: "Planet's mounted manifestation"
• In-astrology: The arudha pada of a planet (as opposed to a house). Computed using the same Parasara formula but applied to the planet: count from the planet to its stronger owned sign (N signs), then count N signs from that sign — result is the graha arudha. Per Parasara, there is ONE arudha per planet (not two, one per sign owned). The graha arudha shows how the world perceives that planet's intelligence/attitude in the native.
• Context: Example: if Saturn is the 4th lord and its graha arudha falls in a certain sign, the world perceives the native's attitude toward comfort (4th) through that sign's lens. "If Saturn is 4th lord, the world thinks you are denying yourself the ability to move."

Term — Upapada (UL)

• Devanagari: उपापद / उप-पद
• Source: class-57, class-58, class-59, class-60
• Literal: "Secondary pada" or "subsidiary manifestation pada"
• In-astrology: The arudha pada of the 12th house (A12), specifically applied to the context of marriage. BPHS Chapter 30 (Upapada Adhyaya) defines this as the primary tool for reading marriage in the material world. The Upapada and the 2nd house from it together describe the spouse, the marriage quality, and family background of the spouse. UL is also called the Lagna of the marriage itself.
• Context: Distinct from the 7th house (desire for union) and Darakaraka (spouse's soul qualities). UL/Upapada = the tangible/visible image of the marriage. Used for timing marriage (Narayana Dasha of the UL sign or its lord), diagnosing spouse's health conditions, and assessing longevity of the relationship.

Term — Sahasi

• Devanagari: साहसी
• Source: class-55
• Literal: "Brave one," "daring one," "courageous person"
• In-astrology: One of the BPHS-described characteristics of a native with Ketu (+ functional malefic) in the 7th from Arudha Lagna. The person projects a brave, warrior-like, fearless image to the world. They are perceived as daring, perhaps reckless, or unconventional. This is a specific term used in the Sanskrit verse to describe the image projected.
• Context: Contrast with the other possible 7th-from-AL results: Jupiter/Venus/Moon → wealth and good reputation (satkirti); exalted planet → wealth + satkirti. Ketu/malefic → sahasi image (courageous/unusual/challenging).

Term — Vridha-kesi

• Devanagari: वृद्धकेशी
• Source: class-55
• Literal: "Old-haired" or "unkempt-haired" — literally "one with aged/dishevelled hair"
• In-astrology: A term from the BPHS verse describing a characteristic of the native when Ketu + functional malefic is in 7th from AL. The native is perceived as having unusual, dishevelled, or unconventional hair/appearance. It is one of several physical/persona characteristics the BPHS lists for this placement.
• Context: Part of the cluster of characteristics for Ketu in 7th from AL: sahasi (brave), vridha-kesi (unusual appearance/hair), and mahat-linga (notable physical distinctiveness). These describe the world's perception of the native's image, not necessarily the native's own self-perception.

Term — Satkirti

• Devanagari: सत्कीर्ति
• Source: class-55
• Literal: "Good fame," "righteous reputation," "noble renown"
• In-astrology: One of the results of having exalted planets or benefics in key arudha positions (7th from AL, 11th from AL). The native is not just wealthy but genuinely respected, spoken of highly, given true honour. Contrasts with mere Kirti (fame) which could be neutral — Satkirti specifically implies a righteous, virtuous quality to the reputation.
• Context: BPHS Chapter 29 verse: "If exalted planet is in 7th from AL, the native gets wealth and satkirti." Satkirti is the dharmic overlay on material success — the person's image in the world is one of genuine nobility, not just power.

Term — Pavaka

• Devanagari: पावक
• Source: class-52
• Literal: "Purifier" — one of the three sons of Agni (fire) in Vedic cosmology; specifically the purifying fire
• In-astrology / In ritual: One of the three aspects/sons of Agni (fire): Pavaka (purifying fire), Pavamana (self-purifying fire), and Suchi (the pure one). Pavaka specifically represents the fire's capacity to purify whatever it touches. In the context of homam, sitting near Pavaka's vibrations purifies the practitioner's mental/emotional field.
• Context: PVR uses Pavaka to explain why sitting near a homam fire amplifies mantra effects — the fire's inherent purifying vibrations (Pavaka guna) create a field where the practitioner's mental vibrations are cleansed and strengthened simultaneously.

Term — Havyavahana

• Devanagari: हव्यवाहन
• Source: class-52
• Literal: "Carrier of oblations" — Havya = oblation/offering; Vahana = vehicle/carrier
• In-astrology / In ritual: One of the Vedic names for Agni (fire). Havyavahana is the fire in its role as the cosmic carrier that transports the yajamana's (sacrificer's) offerings to the devas (gods). In Valmiki Ramayana's Aditya Hridayam, fire is invoked as Havyavahana — acknowledging its intermediary role between human worship and divine reception.
• Context: PVR references Havyavahana when explaining the homam's cosmic mechanism: the fire does not just burn the offerings physically — it carries them (as Havyavahana) to the divine realm, making the ritual cosmically efficacious beyond mere physical combustion.

Term — Dhatu

• Devanagari: धातु
• Source: class-51, class-52, class-58
• Literal: "Tissue," "element," "constituent" — literally "that which supports/holds"
• In-astrology: In Ayurvedic-astrology synthesis, the 7 dhatus (tissues) are: Rasa (plasma/lymph), Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscle), Meda (fat), Asthi (bone), Majja (marrow/nerves), Shukra (reproductive tissue). Each is associated with specific planets and houses. Disease involves a specific dhatu being afflicted.
• Context: In class-51's prashna for hand/shoulder pain: Mars as D3 lagna lord in 6th → majja dhatu (nerve tissue) affliction. In class-58's Upapada analysis: Ketu+Venus in UL → Rakta dhatu (blood) disease for spouse; Ketu+Mercury → Asthi dhatu (bone) disease. Identifying the dhatu correctly determines the Ayurvedic treatment approach.

Term — Yajamanam

• Devanagari: यजमानम्
• Source: class-52
• Literal: "The one who performs the yajna" — the sacrificer/ritualist/host of the ritual
• In-astrology / ritual context: The person for whom or by whom the homam or yajna is performed. The yajamanam's intention (sankalpa), the deity invoked, and the fire as Havyavahana together constitute the three elements of an effective homa. PVR uses this term to describe the relationship: fire carries offerings from the yajamanam to the gods.
• Context: "The role of the fire is to carry the oblations from the yajamanam to Indra and other gods, so that the gods are pleased." Used to explain why the practitioner sitting by the fire during homam receives amplified mantra benefits — they are simultaneously yajamanam and mantra-reciter.

Term — Prashna

• Devanagari: प्रश्न
• Source: class-51
• Literal: "Question" — from the root prach (to ask)
• In-astrology: A horary/divination technique where a chart is cast for the exact moment a question is asked (or received by the astrologer). The prashna chart is then analyzed to answer the specific question, independent of the native's birth chart. Considered a subjective/divination-based method — valid only when Jupiter aspects the lagna lord of the prashna chart (divine sanction).
• Context: PVR demonstrated prashna in class-51 using a chart cast for Sep 9 2009, Portsmouth NH, for a question about hand/shoulder pain. He validated the chart (Jupiter aspecting lagna lord) before analyzing it. JHora has a dedicated prashna module with three calculation modes (108, 249, 1800).

Term — Sade Sati

• Devanagari: साढे साती
• Source: class-60
• Literal: "Seven and a half" — referring to the 7.5-year period of Saturn's transit
• In-astrology: The classical Sade Sati = Saturn's transit through the sign before, the sign of, and the sign after the natal Moon in D1 — approximately 7.5 years. In the extended technique taught in class-60: the same principle applied to divisional chart Moons. Saturn transiting over the Dasamsa Moon = career Sade Sati (7.5 years of career restructuring); over Navamsa Moon = marital Sade Sati; over Saptamsa Moon = children-related Sade Sati.
• Context: The divisional Sade Sati concept extends a classical timing tool into divisional analysis, allowing domain-specific identification of Saturn's long periods of pressure and transformation.

v2 Batch 7 — Classes 61–70

Glossary — Batch 7 (v61–v70)

Source: PVR Narasimha Rao, BPHS Chapter 33 Classes

Term — Karakamsha

• Devanagari: कारकांश
• Source: Classes 61–70 (central concept throughout)
• Literal: "Amsha (division/part) of the Karaka (significator)"
• In-astrology: The sign occupied by the Atmakaraka in a divisional chart; from this sign, all the house results of Chapter 33 BPHS are read; the key reference point for the soul's aspirations
• Context: PVR's critical correction: "amsha" here means the relevant divisional chart for the subject being analyzed, NOT always Navamsa. The Karakamsha for spiritual matters is read in D20; for career in D10; for marriage in D9.

Term — Swamsha

• Devanagari: स्वांश
• Source: Classes 61–70
• Literal: "Own (sva) amsha (division)" — the division belonging to the self
• In-astrology: Another term for Karakamsha; the sign/amsha that the Atmakaraka has claimed as its own in the divisional chart; used interchangeably with Karakamsha in BPHS
• Context: Parashara uses both terms in Chapter 33; they mean the same thing

Term — Ahankara

• Devanagari: अहंकार
• Source: Classes 61, 65
• Literal: "I-maker" (aham = I; kara = maker)
• In-astrology: The Atmakaraka represents Ahankara in the chart — the sense of "I", the ego-identity, the I-ness that defines how the soul experiences itself; the very seat of individual existence
• Context: PVR's Vedantic explanation: Ahankara is not mere pride/arrogance (colloquial meaning) but the fundamental I-making faculty of consciousness. The Atmakaraka being Ahankara means it is the deepest identity-seed the soul carries. Overcoming it leads to Moksha.

Term — Kaivalya

• Devanagari: कैवल्य
• Source: Classes 61, 68
• Literal: "Aloneness / singularity" — from kevala (alone, only)
• In-astrology: A near-Moksha state of consciousness; the soul has merged with a specific deity or higher principle and remains in a state of bliss, distinct from the cycle of rebirth but not yet in full Brahman merger; one step below full Moksha
• Context: PVR distinguishes Kaivalya from Moksha: Kaivalya = merger with a deity like Shiva or Vishnu (still retaining some distinction); Moksha = complete merger with formless Brahman (no distinction remains). Ketu in 12th from Karakamsha in D20 can indicate Kaivalya; with additional supporting factors, full Moksha is possible.

Term — Prakriti

• Devanagari: प्रकृति
• Source: Classes 62, 63
• Literal: "Natural constitution / nature"
• In-astrology: The natal Ayurvedic constitution — the combination of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha that was fixed at birth; determined from Lagna, Lagna lord, and planets aspecting Lagna; represents the body's fundamental nature throughout life
• Context: Prakriti vs Vikruti: Prakriti = natal constitution (permanent); Vikruti = current state of balance/imbalance (changes with Dashas and transits). Remedies and diet should be tailored to Prakriti. Dashas modify the expressed constitution but cannot change the natal template.

Term — Vikruti

• Devanagari: विकृति
• Source: Class 63
• Literal: "Distortion / imbalance" (vi = apart from; kruti = creation/nature)
• In-astrology: The current Ayurvedic imbalance that differs from the natal Prakriti; caused by Dasha lords activating different doshas; can be read from current Dasha lord's dosha nature and transits
• Context: If a Pitta Dasha is running for a Kapha person, current Vikruti shows Pitta excess. Understanding both Prakriti and Vikruti allows targeted Ayurvedic remediation.

Term — Stabdhavak / Stabdhavakdata

• Devanagari: स्तब्धवाक्
• Source: Class 70
• Literal: "Speech-frozen / speech-stopped" (stabdha = frozen/stopped; vak = speech)
• In-astrology: A person with speech difficulties — inability to speak in public, speech delay in children, stuttering; caused by Ketu in 2nd or 3rd house from Karakamsha (or from Lagna in Rasi)
• Context: PVR describes a child (Simha Lagna, Ketu in 2nd in Virgo) who could not speak at age 4.5 but knew many Vedic mantras by heart — the knowledge was there but speech was blocked. Ketu denies the worldly expression of whatever house it occupies; but once speech is established, it becomes very clear.

Term — Sabha-jada

• Devanagari: सभाजड
• Source: Class 70
• Literal: "Frozen/inert in assembly" (sabha = assembly; jada = inert/frozen)
• In-astrology: A person who cannot speak in public gatherings; freezes when required to address a group; different from someone with speech impediments — this person can communicate one-on-one but is unable to perform in an assembly context
• Context: Caused by Saturn in 5th from Karakamsha. Saturn gives discipline for sadhana but not communicative facility. Such persons may be deeply knowledgeable but unable to express themselves publicly.

Term — Gurudrohi

• Devanagari: गुरुद्रोही
• Source: Class 67
• Literal: "One who betrays/disrespects the guru" (guru = teacher; drohi = betrayer/disrespecter)
• In-astrology: A person who fails in their duty toward their guru — either through arrogance/overconfidence (Jupiter+Sun in 9th from Karakamsha), or through skepticism/disbelief (Saturn+Rahu in 9th from Karakamsha)
• Context: Two types: (1) Intellectual gurudrohi — knows more than guru, disrespects out of arrogance (Jupiter+Sun combination); (2) Rational gurudrohi — doesn't believe in guru/tradition at all, dismisses the whole system (Saturn+Rahu combination). Both result in loss of guru's grace.

Term — Granthakarta

• Devanagari: ग्रन्थकर्ता
• Source: Classes 65, 70
• Literal: "Book-maker / author" (grantha = book/text; karta = maker/doer)
• In-astrology: A person who writes books and becomes a celebrated author; indicated by Moon+Jupiter in 5th from Karakamsha; the word refers to producing literary or scholarly works of lasting value
• Context: BPHS states: Moon+Jupiter = best granthakarta (most famous, most knowledgeable); Venus = second; Mercury = third. PVR clarifies this is primarily about fame and recognition, not just the act of writing.

Term — Dhanurvidya

• Devanagari: धनुर्विद्या
• Source: Classes 65, 70
• Literal: "Knowledge of the bow" (dhanu = bow; vidya = knowledge/science)
• In-astrology: The science of archery; metaphorically represents patient, disciplined, distant-strike skill; indicated by Saturn in 5th from Karakamsha; contrasted with hand-to-hand weapons (Mars)
• Context: Saturn gives Dhanurvidya — the discipline to aim from a distance with patience. Mars gives Kunta (spear) skill — aggressive hand-to-hand combat. The distinction: Saturn = strategic patience; Mars = direct aggression.

Term — Kunta

• Devanagari: कुन्त
• Source: Class 70
• Literal: "Spear"
• In-astrology: A hand-held weapon for close combat; spear; indicated by Mars in 5th or 6th from Karakamsha; along with swords, represents the aggressive weapons of Sun and Mars
• Context: Kevale cha kuje tatra jata kuntastra dharakah = "If Mars is alone there (in 4th/6th from Karakamsha), the native will bear the spear weapon." Mars = aggression, direct combat, hand-to-hand battle. Sun also gives sword (aggressive close-quarter weapons).

Term — Sankhya Yoga

• Devanagari: सांख्ययोग
• Source: Classes 65, 70
• Literal: "The yoga of enumeration/counting" (Sankhya = enumeration/number)
• In-astrology: The Sankhya philosophical system — the objective material science of the universe; analysis of creation through principles (Purusha, Prakriti, 25 tattvas); Moon in 5th from Karakamsha gives this philosophical orientation
• Context: Moon in 5th from Karakamsha = person knows Sankhya yoga AND fine arts/singing. PVR explains: Sankhya analyzes "what came first" in creation, the sequence of cosmic manifestation. It is a systematic, counted enumeration of cosmic principles.

Term — Mimamsa

• Devanagari: मीमांसा
• Source: Class 70
• Literal: "Investigation / analysis" (from root "man" = to think; intensive form)
• In-astrology: The Mimamsa philosophical system — focused on analysis of Vedic rituals and their injunctions; logical-analytical approach; indicated by Mercury in 5th from Karakamsha; theoretician's mind
• Context: Mercury in 5th from Karakamsha = Mimamsaka (practitioner of Mimamsa); can analyze everything theoretically; can create frameworks and systems. Contrasted with Nyaya (Mars = conclusive logical argument/debate) and Vedanta (Sun = non-dual self-inquiry).

Term — Nyaya

• Devanagari: न्याय
• Source: Class 70
• Literal: "Justice / proper reasoning"
• In-astrology: The Nyaya philosophical system — school of conclusive logic, formal debate, and rigorous argumentation; indicated by Mars in 5th from Karakamsha; the person can construct winning logical arguments
• Context: Mars in 5th from Karakamsha = skilled in Nyaya Shastra. Nyaya is more aggressive/conclusive than Mimamsa (Mercury). Both are analytical but Nyaya goes for decisive conclusions through formal debate; Mimamsa analyzes and elaborates.

Term — Sarvavidgranthika

• Devanagari: सर्वविद्ग्रन्थिक
• Source: Class 70
• Literal: "Knower of all knowledge" (sarva = all; vid = knowing; grantha = text/book)
• In-astrology: A person with comprehensive knowledge across all subjects; indicated by Jupiter in 5th from Karakamsha; knows Vedas, Vedanta, grammar, all traditional sciences
• Context: Parashara's verse: "Sarvavidgranthiko jive" — Jupiter in 5th from Karakamsha makes the person Sarvavidgranthika. However, such a person is "na vagni cha sabhadisu" — not eloquent in assemblies. The paradox of knowing everything but not being able to communicate it simply.

Term — Ishta Devata

• Devanagari: इष्टदेवता
• Source: Classes 66, 68, 69
• Literal: "Desired / chosen deity" (ishta = desired/loved; devata = deity)
• In-astrology: The personal deity who is most suited to the native's spiritual path; the deity who will "take the soul" at the time of death/liberation; identified from the planet influencing the 12th house from Atmakaraka in D20
• Context: PVR's personal example: Mercury as 12th lord in D20 = Vishnu is his primary Ishta Devata. But Rahu (strongly aspecting 12th house and 12th lord) = Chandi/Durga is the sadhana deity (8th house = tapasya). These are distinct: Sadhana deity (struggle) vs. Liberation deity (ultimate guide at death).

Term — Payasam

• Devanagari: पायसम्
• Source: Class 70
• Literal: "Milk-based sweet rice preparation"
• In-astrology: A ritual offering (Avuti/Ahuti) used in homam; specifically recommended for health-related homams (Tryambakam); Darbha (sacred grass) is dipped in payasam and offered into the fire
• Context: For the Tryambakam/Mrityunjaya homam prescribed for Srirama's health: main offering is Darbha grass dipped in payasam; remainder can be ghee, molasses-mixed rice; the combination of Darbha (purifying grass) and payasam (nourishing milk sweet) is specifically prescribed in Shastras for physical healing.

v2 Batch 8 — Classes 71–80

Glossary — Batch 8 (v71–v80)

Sanskrit and technical terms introduced or defined in this batch.

Term — Yogakāraka

• Devanagari: योगकारक
• Source: v72 (BPHS Ch. 34 v11–12)
• Literal: "One who makes yoga" / "yoga-maker"
• In-astrology: A planet that is singularly capable of giving raja yoga (success, prosperity, recognition) for a particular lagna. Three criteria (any one is sufficient): (1) the planet owns both a kendra and a trikona, (2) a kendra lord is placed in a trikona, or (3) a trikona lord is placed in a kendra.
• Context: Parashara's definition is broader than what many modern texts give. Modern texts say only "owns both kendra and trikona." Parashara adds "OR kendra lord in trikona OR trikona lord in kendra" — a more generous definition.

Term — Nabhasa Yoga

• Devanagari: नाभस योग
• Source: v76 (BPHS Ch. 35)
• Literal: "Sky combinations" / "celestial combinations"
• In-astrology: A class of 32 yogas based purely on the physical placement (distribution) of the seven planets (Sun through Saturn, excluding Rahu/Ketu) in the signs of the zodiac. Irrespective of sign ownership, exaltation, or planetary relationships — just raw placement patterns.
• Context: Divided into four groups: 3 Ashraya yogas (by sign type), 2 Dala yogas (by quadrant occupation), 20 Akriti yogas (by shape of planetary distribution), 7 Sankhya yogas (by number of occupied signs). Total: 1,800 variations.

Term — Sahacharya / Sahacharyam

• Devanagari: सहचार्य
• Source: v71 (BPHS Ch. 34 v7)
• Literal: "Moving together" / "company" / "association"
• In-astrology: The principle that certain planets (specifically 2nd, 8th, 12th lords; Mercury; Rahu; Ketu) give results based primarily on who they are associated with (conjunct or aspecting) rather than by their inherent nature. Parashara uses this term specifically to distinguish these "association-dependent" planets from planets with fixed functional nature.
• Context: The most important modifier in functional nature determination for planets owning neutral houses.

Term — Trishadaya

• Devanagari: त्रिषडाय
• Source: v71 (BPHS Ch. 34 v5)
• Literal: Tri (three) + Shad (six) + Aya (eleven/income/gains) = "the three, six, and eleven"
• In-astrology: The three houses — 3rd, 6th, and 11th — collectively. Lords of these houses are always functionally malefic (papagraha) regardless of which planet owns them. These are the "houses of active pursuit and struggle."
• Context: PVR explains: 3 = seed of desire (initiative), 6 = fighting obstacles (effort under duress), 11 = fulfillment of desire (still requires active pursuit). All three require the person to DO something rather than receive blessings passively.

Term — Vishnu Sthana

• Devanagari: विष्णु स्थान
• Source: v71–v72 (kendra explanation), v75
• Literal: "Station/place of Vishnu"
• In-astrology: The four kendra (quadrant) houses — 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th. These are the houses of effort and productive action in the world. They are associated with Vishnu because they represent the active, doing, manifesting aspect of existence.
• Context: Contrasted with Lakshmi Sthanas (1, 5, 9 — the trines/trikonas), which are the houses of blessings and easy gifts. Kendras = effort; Trikonas = blessings.

Term — Lakshmi Sthana

• Devanagari: लक्ष्मी स्थान
• Source: v71, v75
• Literal: "Station/place of Lakshmi"
• In-astrology: The three trikona (trine) houses — 1st, 5th, 9th. These are the houses of blessings, grace, and good fortune that comes without excessive struggle. Their lords are always functionally benefic. Lakshmi represents ease, prosperity, and divine grace.
• Context: 5th house = purva punya (past-life good deeds manifesting as abilities). 9th house = dharma (protection and blessings from following dharma). Both are "special wealth" (visheshadhanam) because abilities and dharma serve as currencies.

Term — Parachintayet / Parchintayet

• Devanagari: परिचिन्तयेत्
• Source: v75 (final verse of BPHS Ch. 34)
• Literal: "Should carefully contemplate" (pari = repetitively/continuously + chintayet = should think)
• In-astrology: Parashara's concluding instruction for using the lagna-by-lagna benefic/malefic classifications. He does NOT say "look up in a table and print the result." He says "carefully, repeatedly contemplate." The implication is that chart analysis requires thoughtful, contextual, ongoing contemplation — not mechanical rule application.
• Context: This single word reveals Parashara's pedagogical intent: he is giving frameworks for contemplation, not formulas for computation.

Term — Ashraya Yoga

• Devanagari: आश्रय योग
• Source: v76 (BPHS Ch. 35)
• Literal: "Placement/residence yoga"
• In-astrology: One of three nabhasa yoga categories. Three types: Rajju (all planets in mobile/chara signs), Musala (all planets in fixed/sthira signs), Nala (all planets in dual/dvisva-bhava signs). Named for the "type of home" the planets inhabit collectively.
• Context: Results inferred from the sign type's qualities: mobile = flexibility/instability, fixed = persistence/patience, dual = adaptability/in-between.

Term — Dala Yoga

• Devanagari: दल योग
• Source: v76 (BPHS Ch. 35)
• Literal: "Group yoga"
• In-astrology: One of two nabhasa yoga categories based on grouping in quadrants. Mala yoga = natural benefics in three of four quadrants (garland of flowers = auspicious). Sarpa/Bhujanga yoga = natural malefics in three of four quadrants (garland of snakes = inauspicious).
• Context: "The quadrants are basically garlanded by those planets" — either auspiciously or inauspiciously.

Term — Akriti Yoga

• Devanagari: आकृति योग
• Source: v76–v77 (BPHS Ch. 35)
• Literal: "Shape yoga"
• In-astrology: Twenty nabhasa yogas based on the shape formed by the distribution of all seven planets in the houses/signs. Examples: Gada (two consecutive quadrants), Sakata (1st+7th), Vihanga (4th+10th), Yupa (1st to 4th), Sara (4th to 7th), Shakti (7th to 10th), Danda (10th to 1st), etc.
• Context: Each shape corresponds to a weapon or tool whose symbolic meaning describes the person's mode of achievement and character.

Term — Sankhya Yoga

• Devanagari: संख्या योग
• Source: v76 (BPHS Ch. 35)
• Literal: "Counting/number yoga"
• In-astrology: Seven nabhasa yogas based on the NUMBER of signs occupied by all seven planets: Vallaki (7 signs), Dama (6 signs), Pasha (5 signs), Khedara (4 signs), Shula (3 signs), Yuga (2 signs), Gola (1 sign). Fewer occupied signs = greater concentration of energy, for better or worse.
• Context: These are the most generic nabhasa yogas and will be present in virtually every chart.

Term — Purnabha Drishti / Purna Drishti

• Devanagari: पूर्ण दृष्टि
• Source: v72 (raja yoga discussion)
• Literal: "Full aspect"
• In-astrology: When two planets are aspecting each other with maximum strength (close to exact aspect degrees). Parashara distinguishes between full aspect (giving stronger raja yoga) and partial aspect (giving weaker raja yoga) when discussing whether kendra and trikona lords in mutual aspect give a full raja yoga.
• Context: Used in the context of JRAS's "planetary aspect evaluation" percentage — planets with 99% or 89% aspect strength are effectively giving "purna drishti."

Term — Dharma Karma Adhipati Yoga

• Devanagari: धर्म कर्म आधिपति योग
• Source: v72 (BPHS Ch. 34, raja yoga discussion)
• Literal: "Lords of dharma and karma yoga"
• In-astrology: The specific raja yoga formed by the 9th lord (dharma) and 10th lord (karma) being in conjunction, mutual aspect, or exchange. This is considered the most powerful form of raja yoga in Parasara's system for a given lagna.
• Context: For Scorpio lagna, Sun (10th lord) and Moon (9th lord) form this yoga. Rahu placed in the 10th house and associated with the 9th lord also gives this yoga.

Term — Badhaka

• Devanagari: बाधक
• Source: v72 (Murali chart analysis), v78 (Tarun D24 analysis)
• Literal: "Obstacle-giver" / "one who obstructs"
• In-astrology: A specific house and its lord that creates obstacles, especially relating to health and longevity. For movable (chara) lagnas: 11th house lord is Badhaka. For fixed (sthira) lagnas: 9th house lord is Badhaka. For dual (dvisva) lagnas: 7th house lord is Badhaka.
• Context: When a Badhaka lord is also in a prominent position (e.g., Lagna in D10, or Badhakasthana in D24), it creates a difficult-to-overcome obstacle in that area of life. For Murali (Virgo/Scorpio D10 lagna): Jupiter was Badhaka lord in Rashi.

Term — Moolatrikona

• Devanagari: मूल त्रिकोण
• Source: v73 (Taurus lagna analysis — Venus's Moolatrikona)
• Literal: "Root trine" / "primary triangle"
• In-astrology: Each planet has a special sign called Moolatrikona where the planet is particularly powerful and expresses its core nature most freely. It is between own-sign (svakshetra) and exaltation in terms of strength. Key Moolatrikona signs: Sun=Leo, Moon=Taurus (0-3°), Mars=Aries, Mercury=Virgo, Jupiter=Sagittarius, Venus=Libra, Saturn=Aquarius.
• Context: For Taurus lagna, Venus is the Lagna lord BUT his Moolatrikona is in Libra (6th house). Because Venus's primary identity is as 6th-house occupant through Moolatrikona, Parashara classifies Venus as functionally malefic for Taurus lagna despite being the Lagna lord.

Term — Ghrini

• Devanagari: घृणि
• Source: v78 (pronunciation discussion for Sun mantra)
• Literal: From "ghruta" (ghee, that which shines when burned). "The radiant, shining, burning one."
• In-astrology: Used in the Sun's seed mantra "Om Ghrinisurya Aditya Om." Ghrini describes the burning, radiant, purifying quality of the Sun.
• Context: PVR explained the correct pronunciation is neither "Ghru" (South Indian) nor "Ghreni" (North Indian) but "Ghrini." The word comes from the same root as "ghrutam" (ghee) — butter fully heated and clarified becomes radiant ghee, just as the soul (Sun) becomes radiant through purification.

v2 Batch 9 — Classes 81–90

Glossary — Batch 9 (v2, classes 81–90)

Term — Sudarshan Chakra Dasha

Devanagari: सुदर्शन चक्र दशा Source: class-87, class-88 Literal: Sudarshan = beautiful/clear vision; Chakra = wheel/chart; Dasha = planetary period In-astrology: A timing technique where Lagna, Moon, and Sun are each progressed at the rate of one sign per year. The results for each year are judged based on planetary positions at the start of that year (Dasha Pravesh Chakra), not natal positions. Parashara described this as the best technique for Kali Yuga annual, monthly, and daily predictions, especially when combined with Ashtavarga. Context: Distinct from simply "looking at the Sudarshan Chakra" (the wheel showing Lagna, Moon, and Sun as three simultaneous Lagnas). The Dasha version involves time progression.

Term — Dasha Pravesh Chakra

Devanagari: दश प्रवेश चक्र Source: class-88 Literal: Dasha = planetary period; Pravesh = entry/beginning; Chakra = chart In-astrology: The chart cast for the exact moment a new Sudarshan Chakra Dasha period begins (the planetary positions at the start of the dasha year). This chart is the basis for judging the events of that year in SKC Dasha analysis, and also the source of the three seed signs for computing Antardashas. Context: Analogous to the Tajaka annual chart (solar return) but specifically used in the context of SKC Dasha to provide the planetary backdrop for that dasha year.

Term — Prastara Ashtavarga

Devanagari: प्रस्तार अष्टवर्ग Source: class-88 Literal: Prastara = spread out / detailed table; Ashtavarga = eight-source calculation In-astrology: The complete table showing, for each planet in each sign, the list of references (Lagna, Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn) from which that planet is benefic or malefic in that position. Distinct from Sarvashtakavarga (summed totals). Used in combination with SKC Dasha: for each progressed reference, check whether a planet in the Dasha Pravesh Chakra is benefic or malefic from that reference. Context: In JHora, accessible via Ashtavarga Strengths tab → PAV of [planet]. The "Reverse Ashtavarga meaning" checkbox in calculation options converts the display to show which planets are benefic from each reference in each house — useful as a lookup table for SKC+Ashtavarga analysis.

Term — Hora (in context of dasha selection)

Devanagari: होरा Source: class-81, class-82, class-83 Literal: Half of a sign (hora = 15°); the Sun and Moon each rule alternate halves In-astrology (Hora-Paksha rule): The first half of each sign belongs to either Sun or Moon based on the sign's gender. In male (odd) signs: first 15° = Surya Hora, second 15° = Chandra Hora. In female (even) signs: first 15° = Chandra Hora, second 15° = Surya Hora. The Hora of the Lagna degree in a divisional chart, combined with Paksha, determines which Nakshatra Dasha applies. Context: Used specifically in Lomasa's rule for selecting between Vimshottari variants and Shodashottari Dasha.

Term — Paksha

Devanagari: पक्ष Source: class-81, class-82, class-83 Literal: Fortnight; wing; side In-astrology: The lunar fortnight — Shukla Paksha (waxing, bright fortnight) when Moon is moving from new to full; Krishna Paksha (waning, dark fortnight) when Moon moves from full to new. Determined from the natal Moon's phase. Combined with Hora to select the appropriate Nakshatra Dasha (Lomasa's rule). Context: Shukla Paksha = Moon is greater than the Sun in brightness; Chandra Hora combined with Shukla Paksha gives regular Vimshottari. Krishna Paksha = darker, less visible Moon; Chandra Hora + Krishna Paksha gives Shodashottari.

Term — Gandanta

Devanagari: गण्डान्त Source: class-89 Literal: Ganda = knot/obstacle; Anta = end — "knot at the end" In-astrology: The junction between a water sign and a fire sign in the zodiac: Cancer-Leo (0–1° of Leo or 29°-30° of Cancer), Scorpio-Sagittarius, and Pisces-Aries. These are considered especially difficult Gandanta points because the sign energies are maximally incompatible. Planets placed within about 1° of these junctions (at the very end of water signs or the very beginning of fire signs) are considered to be in Gandanta and carry karmic burdens. Context: Moon in Gandanta is particularly severe for mental/emotional development. Special Gandanta Shanti rituals are prescribed in BPHS for these placements.

Term — Sarpa Nakshatra

Devanagari: सर्प नक्षत्र Source: class-89 Literal: Sarpa = serpent/snake In-astrology: Nakshatras whose presiding deity is a serpent or snake being. Primarily Ashlesha (9th nakshatra, Cancer 16°40' – 30°), which is specifically called Sarpa nakshatra. Vishakha and Jyeshtha are also sometimes included. Planets in these Nakshatras take on the qualities of the Sarpa energy — hidden, deep, potentially venomous. Context: Moon in Ashlesha Gandanta (Moon at the end of Cancer/Ashlesha = both Gandanta and Sarpa nakshatra simultaneously) is an especially severe affliction. The remedy involves Sarpa deity worship.

Term — Sarpa Drekkana

Devanagari: सर्प द्रेक्काण Source: class-89 Literal: Drekkana (D3) = one-third of a sign (10°); Sarpa = serpent In-astrology: Specific Drekkanas (one-third divisions of signs) whose nature is that of a serpent. The 2nd Drekkana of Cancer (10°–20° Cancer) and similar positions in other signs are considered Sarpa Drekkanas. Planets in Sarpa Drekkana carry serpentine qualities — potential for hidden suffering, karmic entanglement, speech/communication issues. Context: In the autism chart (class-89), both Moon AND Mercury were in Sarpa Drekkana — the two planets of mind and intellect both under Sarpa influence.

Term — Mrityu Bhaga

Devanagari: मृत्यु भाग Source: class-89 Literal: Mrityu = death; Bhaga = degree/portion In-astrology: A specific degree in each sign that is considered the "death degree" for each planet. A planet at its Mrityu Bhaga in a chart is severely weakened and may give suffering or harm related to its significations. The exact degrees vary slightly between sources (two common versions exist). For Moon, the 14th degree of Scorpio is one version's Mrityu Bhaga. Context: PVR mentioned the possibility of applying Mrityu Bhaga not just in the Rashi chart but also in divisional charts, where a planet may coincidentally land on its Mrityu Bhaga degree in D30 or another division. This is an area for further research.

Term — Badhaka

Devanagari: बाधक Source: class-81, class-85, class-86 Literal: Obstruction / obstacle In-astrology: The Badhaka house and its lord represent an obstructive force specific to each ascendant. For movable (chara) lagnas, the 11th house is Badhaka. For fixed (sthira) lagnas, the 9th house is Badhaka. For dual (dwiswabhava) lagnas, the 7th house is Badhaka. The Badhaka lord, when strong, can send the native to foreign lands or cause significant obstructions; when associated with 9th/12th house connections, it can give foreign travel. Context: In NMK's D4 chart, Jupiter (9th lord) in the Badhaka sthana linked to the 12th lord — a combination of Badhaka, 9th, and 12th lords — made Jupiter Dasha's first antardasha (Ketu) the natural time for his first trip to the US.

Term — Upadesha Raja Yoga

Devanagari: उपदेश राजयोग
Source: class-87 (Romney analysis) Literal: Upadesha = instruction/teaching; Raja Yoga = combination for power/success In-astrology: A Raja Yoga formed specifically by the 8th lord's position. When the 8th lord is placed in the 12th house (8th from itself), this is called Upadesha Raja Yoga — it shows power gained after suffering and transformation. The 8th house energy (hidden obstacles, debt) transforms through the 12th house (loss, withdrawal) into a form of power. Context: In Romney's D10, Venus (8th lord) in the 12th house gave Upadesha Raja Yoga, and Venus in Rahu Mahadasha took Romney to the governorship of Massachusetts in 2002 (November, Rahu-Venus period).

Term — Kurma Chakra

Devanagari: कूर्म चक्र Source: class-87 Literal: Kurma = tortoise; Chakra = wheel/diagram In-astrology: A geographical prediction diagram from Rudrayamala and other texts. The Earth is divided into 9 sections (8 directions + center), imagined as the body of a giant tortoise. The tortoise's head faces east; the tail is west; limbs are in the diagonal directions. Each section is associated with a set of nakshatras and a geographical region. Used in mundane astrology to predict which region of a country (or world) will experience natural disasters in a given year. Context: PVR's research found that dynamically assigning the star-directions based on the Lagna nakshatra of each year's Chaitra Shukla Pratipada chart (rather than static assignment) gave better correlations with earthquake locations.

v2 Batch 10 — Classes 91–100

Glossary — Batch 10 (v2, classes 91–99)

Term — Annamaya Kosha

• Devanagari: अन्नमय कोश
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Sheath made of food/matter" (anna = food, maya = made of, kosha = sheath/layer)
• In astrology: Corresponds to the physical body; governed by the Lagna and Lagna lord in the horoscope
• Context: PVR explains the five Upanishadic sheaths (Pancha Kosha): Annamaya is the outermost, representing the gross physical body. When Lagna or Lagna lord is afflicted, the Annamaya Kosha is disturbed — physical illness results.

Term — Argala

• Devanagari: अर्गल
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Bolt" or "pin" (the bolt that holds a door shut)
• In astrology: An intervention or influence exerted by a planet on a reference point (Lagna, Arudha, another planet) by being placed in specific houses from that reference: 2nd (resources), 4th (direction/happiness), 11th (fulfillment), and secondary 5th. The planet "bolts in" to enrich or modify the reference point's significations.
• Context: Used in class-99 for A9 (Arudha of 9th) analysis in D24: Sun and Mars have Argala on A9 from the 2nd house, creating a strong Raja Yoga for education. Cancellation houses are 12th (cancels 2nd Argala), 10th (cancels 4th), 3rd (cancels 11th). Exception: natural malefics in the 3rd create Yuti Argala (forceful intervention), not cancellation.

Term — Arudha

• Devanagari: आरूढ
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Mounted" or "ascended upon"
• In astrology: The Arudha Lagna (A1) and other house Arudhas (A2, A9, etc.) represent the tangible, visible manifestation of a house in the material world. Calculated by: find the lord of the house; count as many signs from the house to its lord; count the same number again from the lord. If the result falls in the house itself or its 7th, count 10 more signs from that position.
• Context: A9 (Arudha of 9th) in D24 represents the tangible bachelor's degree. Calculated as: 9th house is Pisces; Jupiter (Pisces lord) is in 7th from it (Virgo); 7th from Virgo is Pisces — same sign, so take 10th from Pisces = Sagittarius. A9 = Sagittarius.

Term — Bhadaka

• Devanagari: बाधक
• Source: class-93, class-91
• Literal: "One who creates obstruction/obstacle"
• In astrology: The Bhadaka house is the house that obstructs the natural flow of life. For movable (Chara) lagnas (Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn) the 11th house is the Bhadaka. For fixed (Sthira) lagnas (Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, Aquarius) the 9th house is Bhadaka. For dual (Dwisvabhava) lagnas (Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces) the 7th house is Bhadaka.
• Context: The Bhadaka lord in dasha can remove obstacles or create them depending on its overall disposition; if well-placed, removing obstacles; if afflicted, creating them.

Term — Chalita Chakra

• Devanagari: चलित चक्र
• Source: class-91
• Literal: "Moved chart" (chala = moved; Chalita = that which has moved; Chakra = wheel/chart)
• In astrology: The Bhava Chakra (house chart) that uses the 15-degree equal-house system centered on the ascendant. A planet's house position in the Chalita Chakra may differ from its sign position in the Rashi Chakra when it is within 15° of a house cusp.
• Context: PVR explains the etymology: "Chalita" is the gerundive of "chala" — literally "the moved one." The Chalita Chakra moves planets into the correct house based on degree proximity to cusps, rather than the simple sign-based assignment of the Rashi Chakra.

Term — Dashamoola

• Devanagari: दशमूल
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Ten roots" (dasha = ten; moola = root)
• In astrology: Not a chart term; an Ayurvedic herbal formulation used as a remedy
• Context: Dashamoola is a combination of the roots of five large trees and five medium trees, totaling ten roots. Used as a Vata-pacifying herb, especially for respiratory and nervous system complaints. Combined with Haritaki powder as Dashamoola-Haritaki tea (a night-time decoction). Available at banjanbotanicals.com.

Term — Dispositor

• Devanagari: N/A (English usage in PVR's classes)
• Source: class-95
• Literal: "One who disposes" (Latin: dispositor)
• In astrology: The planet that rules the sign occupied by another planet. Analogy: dispositor = landlord; tenant planet cannot fully express itself without cooperation of the landlord-dispositor.
• Context: If the dispositor is weak, the tenant planet's significations suffer even if that planet is otherwise strong. A chain of dispositors (A's dispositor is B, B's dispositor is C) creates a "planetary chain" showing underlying support or weakness.

Term — Dur Yoga

• Devanagari: दुर् योग
• Source: class-92, class-93, class-99
• Literal: "Bad combination" (dur = bad/difficult; yoga = combination)
• In astrology: A yoga formed when a good-house lord (trikona or kendra) is associated with a dusthana lord (6th, 8th, 12th) through conjunction, exchange, or full aspect. The opposite of Raja Yoga.
• Context: In D10 (career chart) analysis: Ketu as 12th lord and Jupiter as lagna lord exchanging or joining = Dur Yoga for career, explaining why Ketu-Jupiter period was problematic.

Term — Haritaki

• Devanagari: हरीतकी
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "That which carries away disease" (hara = to take away; taki = related to health)
• In astrology: Not a chart term; an Ayurvedic herb (Terminalia chebula) used as a remedy
• Context: Telugu name: karakkaaya; Hindi: harar or harde. Dried fruit powder used in Vata-pacifying Dashamoola-Haritaki tea. Helps eliminate Vata from the digestive tract and benefits the respiratory system.

Term — Hora

• Devanagari: होरा
• Source: class-95
• Literal: Possibly derived from Greek "hora" (hour) or Sanskrit "ahoratra" (day-night cycle) with initial and final syllables dropped
• In astrology: (1) The D2 divisional chart (Hora chart); (2) a unit of time — one hora = one hour; (3) as in "Hora lord" = the planet ruling the hour of birth in a Tithi Pravesh chart
• Context: Used in two distinct ways in these classes: D2 Hora chart for wealth analysis; Hora lord (hour ruler) in Tithi Pravesh chart for annual predictions. When Hora lord is in 7th of Tithi Pravesh = auspicious for marriage that year.

Term — Kandanta

• Devanagari: काण्डान्त
• Source: class-91
• Literal: "End of the section/stalk" (kanda = bulb/root/stalk; anta = end)
• In astrology: The last degree of a fire sign or first degree of the following water sign — specifically the borders between Aries-Taurus (no, wrong: the fire-water borders are: Scorpio/Sagittarius and Pisces/Aries and Cancer/Leo junctions… actually: the fire-water junctions are Cancer ends at 0° Leo which is fire-fire, not fire-water — Kandanta technically refers to the end of Cancer/beginning of Leo, end of Scorpio/beginning of Sagittarius, end of Pisces/beginning of Aries, where the element changes from water to fire). These degrees are considered inauspicious for birth or for beginning activities.
• Context: Mentioned in class-91 in context of birth time rectification — births near Kandanta degrees require special analysis.

Term — Kosha

• Devanagari: कोश
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Sheath" or "covering" (also: treasure box)
• In astrology: The five layers of the human being per Upanishadic teaching: Annamaya (physical), Pranamaya (life force), Manomaya (mind), Vijnanamaya (wisdom), Anandamaya (bliss/soul). Lagna governs Annamaya; Moon governs Manomaya; Prana is the bridge between them.
• Context: PVR uses Kosha framework to explain why Saturn affecting both Lagna and Moon simultaneously is more serious — it disturbs both Annamaya and Manomaya, destabilizing the Pranamaya bridge (breath).

Term — Manomaya Kosha

• Devanagari: मनोमय कोश
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Sheath made of mind" (manas = mind; maya = made of; kosha = sheath)
• In astrology: The mental sheath; governed by the Moon in the horoscope. When the Moon is afflicted, the Manomaya Kosha is disturbed — mental instability, anxiety, and perceptual distortions result.
• Context: Moon in the 8th house near Amavasya (waning) = depleted Manomaya Kosha, making the person vulnerable to anxiety and mental instability during malefic transits.

Term — Neti

• Devanagari: नेति
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Not this" in Vedanta context; as a health practice, from "nasal cleansing"
• In astrology: Not a chart term; a Shatkarma (yogic cleansing) practice recommended for Vata-related nasal and respiratory issues
• Context: Jala Neti (water cleansing through the nose using a neti pot) is recommended in class-99 for Saturn antardasha Vata disturbances affecting the nasal-ear tract. Must use pre-boiled lukewarm water to prevent infection.

Term — Nimitta

• Devanagari: निमित्त
• Source: class-94
• Literal: "Sign" or "omen" (natural omen from the environment)
• In astrology: Omens observed from nature at the time of beginning an event or at the time a question is asked. Used in Nimitta Shastra and Prasna Jyotish.
• Context: Mentioned in class-94 Prasna chart analysis: the conditions at the moment of asking the question (Prasna) provide Nimitta (omens) that supplement the chart's indications.

Term — Pranamaya Kosha

• Devanagari: प्राणमय कोश
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Sheath made of life force" (prana = life force/breath; maya = made of; kosha = sheath)
• In astrology: The vital/life-force sheath; the bridge between the physical body (Annamaya) and the mind (Manomaya). Breathing is the accessible surface of the Pranamaya Kosha.
• Context: PVR explains that when both Lagna (Annamaya) and Moon (Manomaya) are afflicted by the same planet, the Pranamaya Kosha (breathing) is caught in the middle and destabilized. Pranayama is the remedy because it directly strengthens the Pranamaya Kosha.

Term — Pushtodaya

• Devanagari: पृष्ठोदय
• Source: class-91, class-99
• Literal: "Rising from the back/tail" (prishtha = back; udaya = rising)
• In astrology: Signs that rise back-first (rear-first): Aries, Taurus, Cancer, Sagittarius, Capricorn (signs 1, 2, 4, 9, 10). In these signs, the full results of a dasha or transit manifest in the last portion. Used in the Narayana Dasha three-part rule.
• Context: Aries is Pushtodaya — results of the Aries Narayana Dasha in D24 come in the last third. The education ending (Maraka of 9th) comes at the end of the Aries period.

Term — Raja Yoga

• Devanagari: राज योग
• Source: class-91 through class-99 (all classes)
• Literal: "Royal combination" (raja = king; yoga = combination)
• In astrology: A combination formed when a trikona lord and a kendra lord associate (conjoin, exchange, or aspect each other). Produces rise in status, wealth, recognition.
• Context: Fundamental yoga discussed extensively across all batch-10 classes; specific Raja Yogas identified in D10, D24, and D1 for individual chart analyses.

Term — Shastiamsha / Shashtashaka

• Devanagari: षष्टांश / षष्टाष्टक
• Source: class-96, class-98
• Literal: Shashtashaka = "six-eight relationship" (shashtha = 6; ashta = 8)
• In astrology: The 6/8 relationship between two planets — one planet is in the 6th sign from the other (and therefore the second is in the 8th from the first). This is considered an inharmonious, tension-producing relationship.
• Context: Darakaraka-Atmakaraka in Shashtashaka in Navamsa = soul-level incompatibility. Also used in compatibility scoring: planets in 6/8 from each other in the bride/groom charts reduce compatibility.

Term — Siddhamsha

• Devanagari: सिद्धांश
• Source: class-95, class-99
• Literal: "Division of accomplishment/perfection" (siddha = accomplished, perfected; amsha = division)
• In astrology: Another name for D24 (Chaturvimsamsha), the 24th divisional chart used for education and knowledge. The even-sign mirror calculation applies.
• Context: In JHora, look for "reverse" setting for D24 / Siddhamsha to ensure correct computation per Parashara's formula.

Term — Sisodaya

• Devanagari: शीर्षोदय
• Source: class-91, class-99
• Literal: "Rising from the head" (shirsha = head; udaya = rising)
• In astrology: Signs that rise head-first: Gemini, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Aquarius, and others not in the Pushtodaya list. Results of a dasha or transit in these signs manifest in the first portion (beginning of the period).
• Context: Aquarius (11th sign) is Sisodaya — Mars in Aquarius in D24 gives its results at the beginning of the Aries Narayana Dasha sub-period governed by Mars.

Term — Trikatu

• Devanagari: त्रिकटु
• Source: class-92
• Literal: "Three pungent things" (tri = three; katu = pungent/sharp)
• In astrology: Not a chart term; an Ayurvedic formulation used as a remedy
• Context: Trikatu = dry ginger (sonth) + black pepper (kali mirch) + long pepper (pipali). Used to increase digestive fire (Agni) and reduce Kapha. Recommended in class-92 for Kapha-type health issues. Also mentioned as "rasayana" — a long-term tonic preparation.

Term — Ubhayadaya

• Devanagari: उभयोदय
• Source: class-91, class-99
• Literal: "Rising from both" (ubhaya = both; udaya = rising)
• In astrology: Pisces is the only Ubhayadaya (both-rising) sign — results of a Pisces dasha or transit manifest in the middle of the period.
• Context: Pisces D24 Narayana Dasha started the education; the event (beginning of engineering program) confirmed to occur in the middle portion of the Pisces period, consistent with Ubhayadaya.

Term — Vargottama

• Devanagari: वर्गोत्तम
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Best among the divisions" (varga = division/chart; uttama = best/highest)
• In astrology: A planet (or Lagna) that occupies the same sign in both the Rashi chart (D1) and the Navamsa (D9). Vargottama status considerably strengthens the planet's ability to give results.
• Context: In class-99, the Lagna of the Marine-career chart is Vargottama and aspected by Jupiter — making the Lagna very strong. This is why Vimshottari from Lagna (rather than Moon) is considered a valid alternative starting point for this chart.

Term — Vijnanamaya Kosha

• Devanagari: विज्ञानमय कोश
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Sheath of wisdom/discernment" (vijnana = higher knowledge/discernment; maya = made of; kosha = sheath)
• In astrology: The sheath of wisdom and right judgment; governed primarily by Jupiter and Mercury. When these planets are afflicted, the native loses ability to distinguish right from wrong.
• Context: Part of the Pancha Kosha framework; mentioned in class-99 to explain the five layers of being and how pranayama (Pranamaya) is the most accessible entry point for healing all five layers.

Term — Yuti Argala

• Devanagari: युति अर्गल
• Source: class-99
• Literal: "Combined/conjunction bolt" (yuti = conjunction/coming together; argala = intervention/bolt)
• In astrology: A special type of Argala created when natural malefics (not benefics) occupy the 3rd house from a reference point. Normally the 3rd house cancels 11th-house Argala; but when multiple malefics occupy it, they create a forceful, aggressive Argala that makes things happen through sheer drive and persistence.
• Context: In class-99 D24 analysis: the A9 is in Sagittarius; the 3rd from Sagittarius is Aquarius. Sun and Mars (natural malefics) in Aquarius create Yuti Argala on A9, powerfully activating the education Arudha through initiative and will.